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bio ch.9
Holt Biology Ch. 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nucleotide | a monomer of DNA consisting of a 5 carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group |
| DNA | genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents. it is a deoxyribonucleic acid. |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis. |
| Phosphate | a functional group of a phosphorus atom covalently bonded to 4 oxygen atoms, a component of a nucleotide |
| cytosine | a nitrogenous base found in DNA |
| deoxyribose | the 5 carbon sugar component of a DNA nucleotide |
| gene | a unit of hereditary information consisting of specific nitrogenous base sequence in DNA |
| genetic code | the rule that describes how the sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA correspond to the sequence of amino acids of proteins |
| Rosalind Franklin | a scientist whose work with X-ray diffraction demonstrated that DNA is a coiled helix |
| Double Helix | 1) proposed as structure of DNA in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. 2) the spiral staircase structure characteristic of the DNA molecule |
| James Watson | a scientist, who along with Crick, received the Nobel prize for proposing the double helical structure of DNA |
| X-ray diffraction | a method to bounce a beam of rays off an object in order to help determine its structure |
| Erwin Chargaff | a scientist who discovered that in DNA the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine (A-T), and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine (G-C) |
| Thymine, Adenine, and Guanine | nitrogenous bases found in DNA |
| Complementary-base-pairs | 1. strictness of base (B) pairing in DNA that results in 2 strands (S), T sequence (seq) of B's on 1 S determines the seq of B's on T other S 2. characteristic of nucleic acids in which T seq of B's on 1 S is paired to T seq of B's on T other. |
| base pairing rules | the rules stating that cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine in DNA, and that adenine pairs with Uracil in RNA |
| Bacteriophage | a virus that infects bacteria |
| virulent | describes a micro-organism/virus that causes disease and that is highly infectious |
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