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Biol 130 - Chapter 1
The nature of Disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Nature? | The essential qualities or characteristics by which something is reconized. |
| What is Disease? | An impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning. |
| All disease occurs as a result of? | injury; disease is therefore, an unhealthy state caused by injury. |
| All disease is either? | Acute disease or Chronic disease. |
| Acute disease arises.... | rapidly, is accompanied by distinictive symptoms,and lasts a short time. |
| An example of an acute disease is? | acute otitis media. |
| Chronic disease usually begins.... | slowly, with signs and symptoms that are difficult to interpret for a long time, and generally coannot be prevented by a vaccines or cured by medication. |
| An example of a chronic diseaase is? | arthritis....wear and tear begins with vague stiffness or aches in certain joints, progresses slowly. Can not be cured but can be treated and lasts a lifetime. |
| Pathology is the study of.... | changes in the bodily structure and function that occur as a result of disease. |
| Etiology is.. | (cause) of the injury (disease) |
| Pathogenesis is.... | natural history and development. |
| Pathophysiology is... | the manner in which the incorrect function is expressed. |
| Lesion is the.... | structural abnormality produced by injury. |
| Idiopathic happens if the.... | etiology is unknown. |
| Iatrogenic happens if the.... | disease is a byproduct of medical diagnosis or treatment. |
| What is the Etiology of sunburn? | excessive exposure to sunlight. |
| What is the Pathogenesis of sunburn? | the absorption of high-energy ultraviolet (UV) rays, which injure skin. |
| What is the Pathophysiology of sunburn? | Characterized by blood vessels dilation and increased blood, both which are part of the reaction to the injury. |
| What is the Lesion of sunburn? | Red, swollen, hot, painful skin. |
| Anatomic Pathology is the study of.... | structural changes caused by disease. |
| Gross examination is the assessment of... | tissue, specimens, such as biopsy or sutopsy material, by the unaided eye. |
| Microscopic examination is the assessment of... | magnified images of small structures. |
| What is Autopsy? | The most extensive and basic gross examination. An after death (post mortem) dissection of a body to determine the cause of death and other facts about the condition of the patient at the time of death. |
| Clinical pathology is the study of... | the functional aspects of disease by laboratory study of tissue, blood, urine, or other body fluids. |
| Give an example of Clinical Patholody. | Blood glucose measurement to diagnose diabetes or culture of urine to detect bacterial infection. |
| Clinical pathology extends from the... | lab to the bedside. |
| Sturcture and function are intimately... | related in health and in disease. Alteration of one results in alteration of the other. |
| Structural disorder is a defect in... | form. |
| A structural disorder leads to a... | functional disorder. |
| A functional disorder is.... | when something is not working properly. |
| An example of a functional disorder is.. | a hole in the mitral heart valve that causes the heart work harder because it allows backflow of blood. Can lead to exhaustion. (congestive heart failure) |
| Give an example of a functional disorder that can lead to a structural disorder. | High blood pressure is functional disorder that puts excessive strain on heart muscle, which enlarges like any other muscle subjected to hard work. The abnormal enlarged heart muscle is a structural disorder that has arision from a functional disorder. |
| All disease is associated with structural or functional abnormality with the exception of... | many psychiatric disorders. |
| Diseases present themselves by causing ovservable and measurable changes in the... | appearance (form) and performance (function) of cells, tissues, and organs. |
| What are symptoms? | complaints reported by the patient or by someone else on behalf of the patient and are part of the medical history. |
| Give an example of a symptom. | Diarrhea observed by the patient. |
| What are signs? | Direct observations by an examiner. |
| Give an example of a sign. | Diarrhea observed by the examiner. |
| A syndrome is a collection of... | clinical signs, symptoms, and data. |
| A particular syndrome may be caused by... | different diseases. |
| Sickness (disease) and Health (wellness) are words that refer to the actual... | presense or absense of disease and do not refer to symptoms, signs, laboratory test reults, x-rays, or scientic studies. |
| Normal and Abnormal describe... | the result of measurements or observations (physical examination, history, tests) used to determine whether disease is present. |
| Test result of positive means... | if abnormal. |
| Test result of negative means... | if normal. |
| Test result of true positive means... | if the test is positive and the patient acutally has the disease. |
| Test result of False positive means... | if the test is positive but the patient does not have the disease. |
| Test result of Ture negative means... | if the test is negative and the patient actually has the disease. |
| Test result of False negative means... | if the test is negative and the patient does not have the disease. |
| Normal means.... | the usual result in health. |
| Normal range(reference range) is established for.... | quantitiative tests that have numerical results. The low end is the lower limit of normal. At the upper end is the upper limit of normal. |
| For qualitative results there is no need for a range....the test is either.. | positive (abnormal) or negative (normal) |
| What is a normal mean? | When testing a large number of healthy people to study with no evidence of the disease. The results are averaged to determine the normal mean. |
| What is standard devation? | When statistical formulas are applied to the data to determine the standard deviation, a measure of the degree of natural variability of results. |
Created by:
bnicholson29
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