Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Sound Perception
Sound and its Perception, Acoustics, Decibels
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| to-and-fro motion of an object is defined as | oscillation |
| vibration transferred from air particle to air particle is usually called | sound |
| disturbance of molecules that propagates (moves) through a medium is | sound |
| substance through which sound travels, such as air, water, steel, bone is called a | medium |
| movement of a disturbance of molecules through a medium is called | propagation of sound |
| molecules displaced a very small distance from where they want to be (equilibrium position) is a | disturbance of molecules |
| this is where the net force is zero | equilibrium position |
| a kind of vibration where the oscillations repeat themselves at same rate over and over again like a pendulum is called | simple harmonic motion |
| when oscillation dies down the dying of vibrations over time is called | dampening |
| if you increase volume you increase | pressure (like air in tire) |
| if you decrease volume you decrease | pressure |
| state of lower than ambient pressure (pressure is maximally negative) | rarefaction |
| state of positive air pressure or molecules pushed together creating more dense space is called | compression (condensation) |
| a sudden short sound that doesn't last long is known as a | transient sound (ex: slamming of door or an unvoiced sound such as "sss...") or impulse sound |
| when sound source is farther away and its a few seconds before you hear the sound, this is because | speed of light is faster than sound |
| speed of sound is related to | elasticity and density of the medium |
| speed of sound is equal to | C (speed of sound) |
| the restorative force, which can be thought of as the ability of a substance to resist deformation is called | elasticity (E) |
| the amount of mass per unit volume is known as | density (D) |
| broccoli has greater _______ than the Oregonian rubber band, because it won't deform as easily | elasticity |
| the greater the elasticity the greater the | speed of sound |
| increase elasticity | increase C |
| increase density | decrease C |
| air is less dense as we increase | temperature |
| as gas expands density | decreases |
| speed increases with temperature because gas expands as temperature | increases (and molecules move quicker) |
| steel and water are more ______ than air | dense |
| helium is less _____ than air, so sound travels ______ through it than air | dense, faster |
| CO2 is more ______ than air, so sound travels ________ through it than air | dense, slower |
| water and steel are more dense than air, so sound travels _______ this is because of elasticity (the dominant factor) | faster |
| compressions and rarefactions move from ________ to ______ | sound source to reciever |
| vibration that repeats itself | periodic vibrations (ex: guitar string or "aaaa") |
| vibration that doesn't repeat itself | aperiodic vibration (ex: door slamming, "sssss") |
| single complete execution of a periodically repeated phenomenon | cycle |
| measure of magnitude of a sound/vibration | amplitude |
| time it takes to complete one cycle | period |
| number of cycles per second | frequency |
| how fast something is vibration is known as | cps=cycles per second |
| F= | 1/period (1/T) (Unit: Hz) |
| T= | 1/F (Unit: sec) |
| velocity= | displacement/time (30miles/1hr) |
| pressure= | force/area |
| the greater the force, the greater the _______ | pressure |
| psi stands for | pounds per square inch |
| in the metric system the unit for force is | Newton's |
| 1 Pa= | N/m2 |
| Force= | mass times acceleration (F=ma) |
| amount of force required to cause a mass of 1 Kg to accelerate to 1 meter/squared sec (1m/s2) is | Newton |
| the distance btwn successive condensations and rarefactions is the | wavelength |
| the faster the speed of sound the _______ the wavelength (lower frequency) | larger |
| the smaller the wavelength the higher the | frequency |
| wavelength= | speed of sound/frequency (wavelength=c/f) |
| 2 sinusoids with same frequency, only _______ changes and gets larger/higher | amplitude |
| hearing nothing, like noise cancellation headphones is called | total cancellation |
| different frequencies combined together make a | complex waveform |
| any waveform that is not a sinusoid is a | complex waveform |
| wave that repeats itself | periodic waveform |
| even integral number multiples of a frequency | harmonic |
| the largest common multiple of a series of sinusoids | fundamental frequency |
| With frequencies of 150Hz, 250Hz, 350Hz what would the fo be and the 2nd and 3rd harmonic? | fo=50 (1st harmonic), 2nd harmonic=100, 3rd harmonic=150 |
| Given frequencies: 125, 250, 375, 500Hz what is the fo? and the H3? | fo=125Hz (Ist harmonic), H3=375Hz |
| 300Hz is or below is cancelled-the difference in pitches, this is called | the case of the missing fundamental |
| Fo of a mans voice is= | 100Hz |
| Fo of a females voice is= | 175-200Hz |
| a straight line of a sinusoid that shows what frequencies are present is known as a | spectrum |
| mathematical procedure that coverts and breaks waveform down by means of frequencies (from time domain>frequency domain) | Fourier Analysis |
| most vibrations are | aperiodic |
| top of the peaks on the spectrum graph are known as | formants (each vowel has it's own pattern of formants, so when we change shape in tongue, they change frequency) |
| the faintest sound human ear can detect | 20 microPa=.00002Pa (very small change in pressure) |
| the loudest sound human ear can detect | 20,000,000 microPa=20Pa |
| the power to which 10 has to be raised, to equal that number | log10 |
| log10^1= | 0 |
| log10^10= | 1 |
| log10^1000= | 3 |
| log10^1,000,000=log10^6= | 6 |
| log10^4=4= | log10^10,000 |
| P1/Po | Pressure/Reference Pressure |
| SPL stands for | Sound Pressure Level |
| the logarithm formula we use is: 20logP1/Po (Po=.00002 Pa, standard measure point for SPL) | we use this to calculate the dB SPL or dB of the pressure of a sound or sounds. |
| The pressure of sound A=.035 Pa. The pressure of sound B=.0075 Pa. How many dB is sound A above sound B? | 13.38 dB (not dB SPL, because need 20 mPa=.00002 Pa) |
| The pressure of a sound is .44 Pa. How many dB SPL is this? | 86.85 db SPL |
| If sound A is twice the pressure of sound B, there is a ____ dB difference. | 6 |
| Pressure of sound a IS 10 times the pressure of sound B. How many dB is A above B? | 20 dB |
| Pressure of sound A= .00002 Pa and pressure of sound B= .00002 Pa. How many dB is A relative to B? | 0 dB SPL (As long as they're the same, you get 0 dB) |
| If you combine dB from multiple sound sources, such as 80 dB SPL and 80 dB SPL, you get a _____ dB SPL increase. | 86 dB SPL (80 dB SPL + 6 dB) |
| if waveform of 2 sounds are identical aka same frequency, you get a doubling of sound ______ | pressure |
| There are 2 tractors in a field both with 90 dB SPL, one starts its engine and then the other. What is the combined dB SPL? | 93 dB SPL, because free field, no reflection of buildings or trees because empty space outside. |
| 80 dB SPL + 6 dB= | 86 dB SPL |
| Two or more dB values of different sounds can look the same, but are not necessarily the same unless they have the same ______ ________ | reference pressures |
| power=energy flow= | watts |
| intensity=energy flow/unit area= | watt/m2 |
| faintest sound intensity (at 20mPa pressure)= | 10^-12 w/m2 |
| anytime you have fraction such as .42, the answer is going to be | negative |
| energy flow, energy expanded per unit time watts is | Power |
| energy flow per unit area aka power speed over a given area is | Intensity |
| Power/area= | watt/m2 |
| Unit of measurement for dB with intensity is I1/Io and has a unit value of | dB IL (as long as ration of 2 intensities) |
| opposition to energy flow | impedance |
| energy lost in the form of heat | resisitance (friction) |
| energy is stored | reactance |
| if you have a spring that is opposing and continues to compress you have more and more potential energy created, which is then stored in the string, which is called _______ _______ | compliant reactance (opposition to force, potential energy stored |
| opposition to force, energy stored in motion, kinetic is | mass reactance |
| what are the two types of impedance? | resistance and reactance |
| what are the two types of reactance? | mass reactance and compliant reactance |
| When P1 | negative (this is because the log of a fraction is negative) |
| P1=Po there are ____ decibels. | zero (because the logarithm of 1 is zero) |
| If the pressure of one sound source is twice that of another, it is ___ dB greater than the second sound. | 6 db (This is because 20log10^2=6dB) |
| combining two sounds with exactly the same waveforms will result in ___ the pressure of one sound alone. | twice |
| If the time waveforms of two sounds are not equal, combining the sounds will not _____ the pressure. For example, two machines, each producing 70 dB SPL will together produce 73 dB SPL. That is, there will be an increase of only __ dB. | double, 3 dB |
| dB SPL - dB = | dB SPL |
| dB SPL + dB = | dB SPL |
| dB SPL - dB SPL = | dB |
| If Po is not .00002 Pa, then the unit is not | SPL |
| Express the number 10,000,000,000 in exponential form. | 10^10 |
| What is the logarithm base 10 of 10,000,000,000? | log10=10 |
| T/F Zero dB means that no sound is present. | False |
| T/F 20mPa corresponds to .00002 Pascals. | True |
| T/F The unit of intensity is the watt. | False, it is watt/m2. watt is the unit of power. |
| T/F For a given sound source, sound pressure in a room depends on the size of the room. | True |
Created by:
rcheek
Popular Speech Therapy sets