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Aquatic Science 3rd
Aquatic Science Third Six Weeks
Question | Answer |
---|---|
the temperature of maximum density for freshwater | 4 degrees Celsius |
Cause sediments to settle from rivers resulting in downstream waters becoming sediment "starved" and more erosive | Resevoirs |
Effect riparian habitats and diversity of organisms | Dams |
Exposed roots for oxygen absorption | Pneumatiphores |
Alterations of River Systems | Dams.Levees and Resevoirs |
Results of Alterations of River Systems | flood damage,loss of back channels,loss of wetlands |
Most endangered aquatic habitat | Wetlands |
Amount of United States riparian wetlands that have been lost | 70 Percent |
Amount of prairie potholes in North and South Dakota that have been lost | 50 Percent |
Amount of Everglades drained | 50 Percent |
Important for water purification and flood control and the most endangered aquatic habitat | Wetlands |
Create formation of lakes | Catastophic events such as landslides,glaciers,tectonics,volcanoes or action of rivers |
top-most layer in a thermally stratified lake; warmer & typically has a higher pH and dissolved oxygen concentration than the hypolimnion. | Epilimnion |
Being at the surface,becomes turbulently mixed as a result of surface wind-mixing;free to exchange dissolved gases such as O2 and CO2 with the atmosphere | Epilimnion |
Because this layer receives the most sunlight it contains the most phytoplankton. As they grow and reproduce they absorb nutrients from the water, when they die they sink into the hypolimnion resulting in depletion of nutrients. | Epilimnion |
Dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. It is the layer that lies below the thermocline. | Hypolimnion |
Typically the coldest layer of a lake in summer, and the warmest layer during winter. Being at depth, it is isolated from surface wind-mixing during summer, and usually receives insufficient irradiance (light) for photosynthesis to occur. | Hypolimnion |
In deep, temperate lakes, the bottom-most waters of the hypolimnion are typically close to 4 °C throughout the year; may be much warmer in lakes at warmer latitudes. | Hypolimnion |
A thermocline is a thin but distinct layer in a large body of fluid (e.g. water, such as an ocean or lake, or air, such as an atmosphere), in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below. | Metalimnion |
In the ocean, the thermocline may be thought of as an invisible blanket which separates the upper mixed layer from the calm deep water below. | Metalimnion |
Depending on season, latitude and turbulent mixing by wind, thermoclines may be a semi-permanent feature of the body of water in which they occur, or may form in response to radiative heating/cooling of surface water during the day/night | Metalimnion |
separation of lakes into three layers: 1.Epilimnion - top of the lake. 2.Metalimnion (or thermocline) - middle layer that may change depth throughout the day. 3.Hypolimnion - the bottom layer. | Lake Stratification |
separation of lakes into three layers: 1.Epilimnion - top of the lake. 2.Metalimnion (or thermocline) - middle layer that may change depth throughout the day. 3.Hypolimnion - the bottom layer. | Lake Stratification |
refers to a change in the temperature at different depths in the lake, and is due to the change in water's density with temperature. | Lake Stratification |
air temperatures drop so does the water temperature of the upper layers of a body of water. As these upper layers cool they become denser and heavier. Eventually they become cold enough and heavy enough to the point they begin to sink. | Lake Turnover |
a layer of carbon dioxide rich water at the bottom of a deep body of water is displaced or disturbed and rises rapidly and erupts from the surface releasing the gas into the atmosphere | Lake Overturn or Limnic Eruption |
cause of mass death events in villages at Lake Nyos in Cameroon, Africa when these areas were overcome with the heavier-than-air carbon dioxide resulting in the suffocation of those close to the ground or unable to flee | Lake Overturn or Limnic Eruptions |
Live in water column and benthos; heterotrophic (sometimes detritivorous) type of plankton. organisms drifting in the water column of oceans, seas, and bodies of fresh water;name means animal drifter | Zooplankton |
0-600 feet;the water is very warm because that is where the sun hits. Most of the plants and animals live in the sunlit zone. This is were you will find most sharks although there is some sharks that live near the ocean floor | Sunlit Zone |
600-3,300 feet; temperature can be as low as 41 degrees F. Because there is less light there than in the sunlit zone. | Twilight Zone |
3,300-13,200 feet; the temperature is about 35 degrees F. There is not so much food in this zone. | Dark Zone |
13,200-19,800 feet * In this layer the mud is made from the skeletons of other small sea animals. The mud can be more than a mile thick. | Abyss |
over 19,800 feet * Only animals that are adapted to the freezing water can survive in this layer. | Trenches |
deep,bottom water area of little or no light penetration;fine bottom sediment consist of fine sand,silt, clay mixed with organic matter | Profundal Zone |
open water area too deep to support rooted aquatic plants but shallow enough for light to penetrate into the water column | Limnetic Zone |
shallow vegetated and wave swept,near shore areas with coarse sediment (cobble,pebbles,gravel); the majority of aquatic growth occurs in this area where light penetrates to the bottom | Littoral Zone |
Microorganisms that live in water column and benthos;heterotrophic;name means animal drifter or animal wanderer | Zooplankton |
Microorganisms that live in the air-water interface and feed on thin bacterial film on upper surface of water ex: water strider,diving beetle,riffle beetle | Neuston |
Microorganism that live at surface in photic zone and have seasonal shifts in dominance ex: diatoms,green algae and cyanobacteria | Phytoplankton |
Nutrient poor lakes; find more in northern climates; appear clear and have low biological activity;contain lots of oxygen from top to bottom | Oligotrophic |
Lakes with moderate biological productivity and turbidity | Mesotrophic |
Lakes with nutrient rich water and high biological activity; increase in turbidity due to sediment and algae; typically brown or green in color | Eutrophic |
Measure of the suspended organic and inorganic particles in a body of water; can be measured with computerized probeware or secchi disk | Turbidity |
Black and white disc attached to rope that is lowered into a body of water to check turbidity | Secchi Disk |
Oldest,deepest lake in the world located in Siberia; 500 miles long and over 1 mile deep;has visibility up to 130 feet | Lake Baikal |
Example of an oligotrophic lake due to its clear water, high dissolved oxygen rate and cooler temperatures | Lake Baikal |
Largest lake in east Africa and home to many unique species of fish | Lake Victoria |
Large and shallow lake located in Africa also known as Lake Nyanza, only 100 meters at its deepest ; source of longest branch of Nile River | Lake Victoria |
Deepest lake found in Africa which forms a boundary between Tanzania and Congo; contains numerous species of cichilids which have adapted to region | Lake Tanganyika |