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Anatomy--Chapter 4
Apologia Anatomy & Physiology 7th grade
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pepsin | A powerful enzyme in the stomach that is needed to break down the proteins eaten into smaller chemical components that the body can use |
| Chyme | The liquid substance food becomes after being broken down in the stomach |
| Ureters | Urine trickles down these tubes |
| Liver | The part of body (organ) where nutrients are processed (stores glucose and bile) |
| Renal system | The place in your body whre urine is produced |
| Duodenum | The first foot-long part of the intestine |
| Gastroesophageal sphincter | A circular muscle at the meeting point between the esophagus and the stomach |
| Appendix | A tube on the cecum that provides a place for bacteria to live until needed |
| Gall bladder | The part of the body that releases concentrated bile into the duodenum |
| Pyloric sphincter | A muscle that works carefully to ensure that only a small amount of chyme goes into the small intestine at a time |
| Jejunum | The eight-foot long part of the intestine, after the duodenum |
| Ileocecal sphincter | The meeting point between the small and large intestines that opens and closes to let the liquid chyme from the small intestine enter the large intestine |
| Kidneys | Special organs in your renal system that produce urine |
| Flatulence | A side effect that occurs when bacteria in your intestines digest carbohydrates and release different gases |
| Bladder | The ureters lead down to this pouch |
| Villi | Tiny projections inside the small intestine that help transport nutrients to blood vessels throughout the intestine |
| Glycogen | Glucose molecules mad by the liver from extra glucose in the body |
| Pancreas | An organ used for digestion that produces hormones as well as digestive juices |
| Bile | One of the chemicals made by the liver that is important for the digestive process |
| Ileum | The last eleven feet of the small intestine |
| Enzymes | Chemicals that, among other things, help your body break food down into smaller components |
| Molars | Teeth in the back of your mouth that are useful for grinding food |
| Mechanical digestion | The part of digestion which invoves the grinding and moving along of food through the digestive canal |
| Premolars | The teeth located in front of your molars. They are useful for grinding food. |
| Cuspids | Sometimes called yoru canines, these teeth are sharp and are made for tearing food |
| Crown | The part of the tooth not hidden by the gums. It is covered with enamel. |
| Larynx | The passage that leads to the lungs, located right in front of the entrance to the esophagus |
| Enamel | The extremely hard, white, shiny substance that coats your teeth |
| Chemical digestion | The process of digestion where the chemicals in foods are changed into smaller chemical components so your body can use them |
| Defecation | The last step in digestion; the elimination of solid waste from the alimentary canal |
| Alimentary canal | The part of the digestive system through which food passes, also called the gastrointestinal tract |
| Epiglottis | A flap of cartilage in the back of your throat that drops down over the larynx and prevents food from going down the larynx |
| Digestion | The body's process of breaking down food and converting it into the material the body needs to live, repair itself, and grow |
| Incisors | The front four teeth, which are sharp and useful for biting |
| Pulp | The area below the enamel and dentin, which contains the nerves and blood vessels |
| Dentin | The living substance under the enamel on your tooth that supports it and absorbs shock that could otherwise damage the tooth |
| Saliva | A liquid produced by the salivary glands (which are located in and near the mouth), containing enzymes that begin the breakdown of starches |
| What is the white outer layer of your tooth called? | enamel |
| What is the layer right below the enamel called? | dentin |
| What is the hardest substance in your body? | enamel |
| Name a few things saliva does for you. | begins chemical digestion, protects teeth, defends against infection, and makes food taste better |
| What is the name of the pipe that food goes down after you swallow it? | Esophagus |
| How do your stomach and esophagus keep from getting burned by your own stomach acid? | Mucus is produced in the stomach, and the gastroesophageal sphincter keeps it in the stomach |
| What is the food called when it enters the small intestine? | chyme |
| What happens in the small intestine? | Digestion is completed, and nutrients are sent to the bloodstream |
| Which organ is like a huge chemical factory? | Liver |
| What do the kidneys do? | They remove excess salts, water, and other substances from the blood and put them in the urine |
| Be able to label parts of tooth. | See diagram on page 71 and diagram in notes |
| Know the names of the teeth. | See diagram on pg 70 and diagram in notes |
| Be able to label the organs of the digestive system. | See diagram on pg 69 |
| Be able to label the renal system. | kidneys, ureters and bladder |
Created by:
amcollins
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