Apologia Anatomy & Physiology 7th grade
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| Pepsin | A powerful enzyme in the stomach that is needed to break down the proteins eaten into smaller chemical components that the body can use
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| Chyme | The liquid substance food becomes after being broken down in the stomach
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| Ureters | Urine trickles down these tubes
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| Liver | The part of body (organ) where nutrients are processed (stores glucose and bile)
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| Renal system | The place in your body whre urine is produced
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| Duodenum | The first foot-long part of the intestine
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| Gastroesophageal sphincter | A circular muscle at the meeting point between the esophagus and the stomach
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| Appendix | A tube on the cecum that provides a place for bacteria to live until needed
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| Gall bladder | The part of the body that releases concentrated bile into the duodenum
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| Pyloric sphincter | A muscle that works carefully to ensure that only a small amount of chyme goes into the small intestine at a time
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| Jejunum | The eight-foot long part of the intestine, after the duodenum
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| Ileocecal sphincter | The meeting point between the small and large intestines that opens and closes to let the liquid chyme from the small intestine enter the large intestine
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| Kidneys | Special organs in your renal system that produce urine
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| Flatulence | A side effect that occurs when bacteria in your intestines digest carbohydrates and release different gases
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| Bladder | The ureters lead down to this pouch
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| Villi | Tiny projections inside the small intestine that help transport nutrients to blood vessels throughout the intestine
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| Glycogen | Glucose molecules mad by the liver from extra glucose in the body
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| Pancreas | An organ used for digestion that produces hormones as well as digestive juices
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| Bile | One of the chemicals made by the liver that is important for the digestive process
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| Ileum | The last eleven feet of the small intestine
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| Enzymes | Chemicals that, among other things, help your body break food down into smaller components
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| Molars | Teeth in the back of your mouth that are useful for grinding food
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| Mechanical digestion | The part of digestion which invoves the grinding and moving along of food through the digestive canal
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| Premolars | The teeth located in front of your molars. They are useful for grinding food.
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| Cuspids | Sometimes called yoru canines, these teeth are sharp and are made for tearing food
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| Crown | The part of the tooth not hidden by the gums. It is covered with enamel.
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| Larynx | The passage that leads to the lungs, located right in front of the entrance to the esophagus
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| Enamel | The extremely hard, white, shiny substance that coats your teeth
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| Chemical digestion | The process of digestion where the chemicals in foods are changed into smaller chemical components so your body can use them
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| Defecation | The last step in digestion; the elimination of solid waste from the alimentary canal
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| Alimentary canal | The part of the digestive system through which food passes, also called the gastrointestinal tract
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| Epiglottis | A flap of cartilage in the back of your throat that drops down over the larynx and prevents food from going down the larynx
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| Digestion | The body's process of breaking down food and converting it into the material the body needs to live, repair itself, and grow
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| Incisors | The front four teeth, which are sharp and useful for biting
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| Pulp | The area below the enamel and dentin, which contains the nerves and blood vessels
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| Dentin | The living substance under the enamel on your tooth that supports it and absorbs shock that could otherwise damage the tooth
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| Saliva | A liquid produced by the salivary glands (which are located in and near the mouth), containing enzymes that begin the breakdown of starches
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| What is the white outer layer of your tooth called? | enamel
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| What is the layer right below the enamel called? | dentin
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| What is the hardest substance in your body? | enamel
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| Name a few things saliva does for you. | begins chemical digestion, protects teeth, defends against infection, and makes food taste better
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| What is the name of the pipe that food goes down after you swallow it? | Esophagus
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| How do your stomach and esophagus keep from getting burned by your own stomach acid? | Mucus is produced in the stomach, and the gastroesophageal sphincter keeps it in the stomach
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| What is the food called when it enters the small intestine? | chyme
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| What happens in the small intestine? | Digestion is completed, and nutrients are sent to the bloodstream
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| Which organ is like a huge chemical factory? | Liver
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| What do the kidneys do? | They remove excess salts, water, and other substances from the blood and put them in the urine
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| Be able to label parts of tooth. | See diagram on page 71 and diagram in notes
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| Know the names of the teeth. | See diagram on pg 70 and diagram in notes
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| Be able to label the organs of the digestive system. | See diagram on pg 69
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| Be able to label the renal system. | kidneys, ureters and bladder
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