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Biology Ch. 7 Vocab.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as __________. | organelles |
| Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: __________. | the nucleus and the cytoplasm |
| The portion of the cell outside the nucleus is known as __________. | cytoplasm |
| What does the nucleus do? | The nucleus controls the functions of the cell. |
| When a cell divides, chromatin condenses to form __________. They contain _________. | chromosomes, genetic information |
| The _________ is where the assembly of ribosomes begins. | nucleolus |
| __________ are assembled on ribosomes. | Proteins |
| __________ are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. | Ribosomes |
| __________ is one of the most important jobs carried out in the cell. | Making proteins |
| Eukaryotic cells contain an internal membrane system called the __________. | endoplasmic reticulum, or ER |
| The __________ is where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell. | endoplasmic reticulum, or ER |
| The portion of the ER involved in protein synthesis is called __________. This also contains ribosomes. | the rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| The __________ ER contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, such as synthesis of membrane lipids and detoxification of drugs. | smooth |
| The __________ modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. | Golgi apparatus/ Golgi body |
| __________ are small organelles filled with enzymes. | Lysosomes |
| __________ break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used in the rest of the cell. | Lysosomes |
| __________ store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. | Vacuoles |
| __________ convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. | Mitochondria |
| __________ capture energy from SUNLIGHT and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. | Chloroplasts |
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