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Nervous System CH12
#12 Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| STIMULUS | Any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react in some way. |
| RESPONSE | What the body does in reaction to a stimulus. |
| NEURON | A cell that carries information through the nervous system. |
| NERVE IMPULSE | The message carried by a neuron. |
| DENDRITE | A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses toward the cell body. |
| SYNAPSE | The junction where one neuron can transfer an impulse to the next structure. |
| PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | The division of the nervous system consisting of all of the nerves located outside the central nervous system. |
| SPINAL CORD | The thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system. |
| CEREBELLUM | The part of the brain that coordinates the actions of the muscles and helps maintain balance. |
| SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | The group of nerves in the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary actions. |
| REFLEX | An automatic response that occurs rapidly and without conscious control. |
| AXON | A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body. |
| CONCUSSION | A bruiselike injury of the brain that occurs when the soft tissue of the brain collides against the skull. |
| AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | The group of nerves in the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary actions. |
| NERVE | A bundle of nerve fibers. |
| SENSORY NEURON | A neuron that picks up stimuli from internal or external environment and converts each into a nerve impulse. |
| MOTOR NEURON | A neuron that sends an impulse to a muscle or a gland, causing the muscle or gland to react. |
| INTERNEURON | A neuron that carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another. |
| CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | The division of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. |
| BRAIN | The part of the central nervous system that is located in the skull and controls most functions in the body. |
| CEREBRUM | The part of the brain that interprets input from the senses, controls movement, and carries out complex mental processes. |
| BRAIN STEM | The part of the brain that lies between the cerebellum and spinal cord and controls the body's involuntary actions. |
| What are the functions of the nervous system? | The nervous system receives information about what is happening both inside and outside your body. It also directs the way in which your body responds to this information. In addition, your nervous system helps maintain homeostasis. |
| What is the structure of a neuron? | A neuron has a large cell body that contains the nucleus, threadlike extensions called dendrites, and an axon. |
| What kinds of neurons are found in the body? | Three kinds of neurons are found in the body—sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. |
| How do nerve impulses travel from one neuron to another? | For a nerve impulse to be carried along at a synapse, it must cross the gap between the axon and the next structure. The axon tips release chemicals that carry the impulse across the gap. |
| What are the structures of the central nervous system? | The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. |
| What are the functions of the central nervous system? | The central nervous system is the control center of the body. |
| What are the functions of the peripheral nervous system? | The peripheral nervous system is involved in both involuntary and voluntary actions. |
| What are the structures of the peripheral nervous system? | The peripheral nervous system consists of a network of nerves that branch out from the central nervous system and connect it to the rest of the body. |
| What is a reflex? | A reflex is an automatic response that occurs very rapidly and without conscious control. Reflexes help to protect the body. |
| What are two ways in which the nervous system can be injured? | Concussions and spinal cord injuries are two ways in which the central nervous system can be damaged. |
| What are some commonly abused drugs? | Commonly abused drugs include depressants, stimulants, inhalants, hallucinogens, anabolic steroids, and alcohol. |
| How does alcohol abuse harm the body? | Alcohol abuse can cause the destruction of cells in the brain and liver, and can lead to addiction and emotional dependence. |
Created by:
nicholas_tisci
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