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Organic & Neuro. Voi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| obstruction or inflammation of the immature larynx. Stridor, low pitched flutter, dyspnea | Laryngomalacia |
| Additional tissue present in the larynx, grows between VFs. Inhibts normal VF vibration. Haorase, aphonia, inhalatory stridor, compromised airway, high pitch | Laryngeal webbing |
| Narrowing of subglottic space d/t interruption in criciod development or intubation. Feeble cry, aphonia | Subglottal stenosis. |
| Openings that occur between esophagus and trachea | Tracheoesophageal fistula |
| abnormal occlusion of the esophagus | Esophageal atresia |
| Embryonic failure resulting in cleft structures. Weak, aphonia voice. | Laryngotracheal cleft. |
| Benign tumor or epithelium and connective tissue. Wartlike growths. Most common cause of ped. hoarseness. Croupy cough, wheezing stridor, shortness of breath. | Papilloma. |
| Chromosomal abnormality w/multiple birth defects. High pitched distress cry, HN. | Cri du chat |
| Congenital, developmental delays. Hoarse, low pitch, hypo or hypernasality. | Downs Syndrome. |
| Viral or bacterial. Inflammation due to infection or irritation. Croup. | Acute laryngitis. |
| Irritation caused by smoking, air pollution, vocal abuse. Results in hoarse cough, fatigue. | Chronic nonspecific laryngitis. |
| Vocal abuse, upper respiratory infection, severe cold. | Infectious laryngitis. |
| Cricoarytenoid arthritis. Results in hoarseness, stridor, pain w/phonation. | Laryngeal arthritis. |
| Malignant tumors, squamous cell carcinoma. CAused by smokin, chronic infections, herpes, trauma. LUmp in throat, discomfort, hoarseness, stridor. | Carcinoma. |
| Small, hard ulcerations that develop on the medial aspect of vocal process of arytenoids. Caused by irritation, hard glottal attack, reflux, intubation, trauma. Results in vocal fatigue, pain, hoarseness. | Contact ulcers (w/granulomas) |
| Soft, pliable, blood filled sacs. Caused by irritation, hard glottal attack, reflux, intubation, trauma. Breathy, low pitch. | Hemangioma. |
| Usually unilateral, are on VFs or ventricular folds. Caused by abnormal blockage of ductal system of laryngeal mucous glands. | Cysts. |
| Pituitary, adrenal, thryoid gland hypo or hyperfunctoin, amyloidosis. Results in too high or too low of a pitch. | Endocrine changes. |
| Nonmalignant growth that may be a precursor to malignant growth. Reactive lesions to continued irritation. Results in hoarse, breathy, low pitch voice. | Hyperkeratosis. |
| Total removal of the larynx when compromised by disease/trauma. | Laryngectomy. |
| Indented medial edge of VFs. CAused by vocal abuse, reflux, or congenital. Results in breathiness, strained quality, little pitch change, low intensity, periods of aphonia, tension in laryngeal muscles. | Sulcus vocalis. |
| Caused by recurrent branch lesion from disease, trauma, or idiopathic LMN damage. VF paralysis. Results in breathiness, weakness, diplophonia, noisy inhalation, stridor, nasality, weak cough. | Flaccid dysphonia. |
| Bilateral UMN lesion to corticobulbar pathways in pyramidal tract. Lesions that affect CN IX-XII. Degeneration of certain motor nuclei that exit the brainstem. Symptoms include emotional labili moniopitch, harsh, artic problems, HN, brief phonation. | Spastic (pseudobulbar) dysphonia, Pseudobulbar Palsy |
| Progressive neurological disease that attacks the neurons responsible for voluntary movement. VFs may be hypo or hyper fx, breathy, reduced loudness, wet hoarsenss, HN, artic problems | Mixed Flaccid Spastic Dysphonia (ALS) |
| Body's immune system attacks CNS, leading to demylenination. Impaired loudness, pitch and/or breath control. Harsh, prosodid abnormalities, HN. | Mixed flaccid spastic dysphonia (MS) |
| Caused by cerebellar lesions, loss of muscle coordination, inability to judge ROM, intention tremor. Results in voice tremor, lack of pitch/loudness control, hoarse, uncoordinated respiration. | Ataxic Dysphonia. |
| Caused by basal ganglia lesions. Uncontrolled movement of articulators, Irregular pitch fluctuations. Voice arrest/phonation breaks. Effortful. | Hyperkinetic Dysphonia. |
| Unknown etiology, inherited 50% of time. Causes affected body part to shake. Rhthmi changes in voice that vary in severity. Phonation breaks, quavering. | Essential Voice Tremor. |
| Twitching of velum, pharyngeal walls, laryngeal muscles, eyes, diaphragm, tongue. | Palatopharyngolaryngealmyoclonus. |
| Etiology is psychogenic, neurogenic, or idiopathic. Neurological dysfunction of motor movemements. Results in strained, groaning, staccato, effortful, lots of tension. | Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia. (ADSD) |
| Spasmodic abduction of VFs. Glottal chink, bowed VFs, unvoiced consonants preiptiate breathiness. Phonation breaks. | Abductor Spasmoic Dysphonia (ABSD) |
| Caused by irritation (GERD, PN drip, smoke, gas, dust), pollutants, neurogenic, psychogenic. Episodic restricted airway opening. VF adduction during inhalation/exhalation. Episodic VF spasms interfere w/respiration. Labored breathing and/or stridor. C | Paradoxical VF motion |
| Viral etiology, flaccid, adverse effect on patient's ability to regulate higher pitch. | Cricothyroid paralysis. |
| Etiology is unknown. Attributed to decrease in # of AcH receptors. Myoneural junction disease. Results in bilateral restricted VF movement. Breathy, hoarse, pitch control, HN. | Myasthenia gravis. |
| Etiology is unknown, usually follows viral infection. Focal demylenization of S&C nerves. Lower extremities affected first, gradual progression upward. 65% recover. | Gullian-Barre. |
| Unilateral damage above pharyngeal X results in... | breathiness, reduced loudness and pitch range/control. Velum is affected-HN present. Noisy inhalation, stridor, dipliphonia. |
| Bilateral damge above pharyngeal X results in... | probably aphonic, velum is immobile-very HN. Noisy inhalation, stridor, may be no phonation. |
| Unilateral damage above superior laryngeal nerve branch, but below pharyngeal branch results in... | Breathiness, reduced loudness/pitch control. Resonance is normal. Weak or absent cough, glottal coup. |
| Bilateral damage above superior laryngeal nerve branch but below pharyngeal branch results in... | Phonation absent, absent coup or cough, velum functions normally but no phonation to resonate. Patient may whisper. |
| Unilateral damage below the superior branch, affecting only the RLN results in... | VF is in paramedian position, phonation may be breathy with slightly reduced loudness, resonance is normal, shortness of breath is possible, weak cough and coup may be present. |
| What type of nerve paralysis occurs more? | RLN occurs more. And more likely that it is left RLN (longer pathway) |
| Any disorder that involves a problem with the VFs will have... | hoarseness |
| Obstruction of the airway will most likely cause: | stridor, maybe aphonia, weak cough, weak voice, glottal coup |
| If only one VF is affected, what may occur? | Diplophonia |
| Additional tissue/mass will lead to... | lower pitch |
| If the VFs can't fully approximate... | breathiness will occur. |
| If something is on the VFs... | throat clearing may occur. |
| If extra effort is needed to get air through the VFs.... | may sound strained |
| If irritation caused the problem, tx will focus on... | getting rid of the source of irritation. |
| Describe neurogenic dysphonias. | Altered neurology that affects the vibration of the VFs, may also affect all other systems required for speech (respiration, resonance, articulation) |
| weakness/damage to LMN | Flaccid dysarthria |
| inability to control movement, damage to UMN that eventually turns into CN 9-12 | Spastic dysarthria |
| What are voice symptoms of MS? | harsh/strained, low monopitch, HN, artic problems...depends what CNs are affected |
| Decreased dopamine in BG; rigidity, slow movement, limited ROM, resting tremor | Hypokinetic dysarthria |
| damage to BG or AcH/dopamine, involuntary movement that is difficult to control | Hyperkinetic dysarthria |
| Damage to the cerebellum or cerebellar control circuit; uncontrolled/discoordinated movement | Ataxic Dysarthria |
| lesion to the CNS involving both the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. Voice sx: imprecise articulation, strained-harsh quality, reduced loudness | Unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria |
| What disorders are considered Relatively constant? | Flacccid, Spastic, Mixed, Hypokinetic |
| What disorders are considered arhythmically fluctuating? | ADSD, ABSD, Huntington's, Ataxic CP |
| What disorders are considered rhythmically fluctuating? | EVT, Palatopharyngealmyoclonus, Superior laryngeal nerve paralysis |
Created by:
bertaka
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