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Micro Drugs
Antimicrobial Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The use of drugs to treat a disease? | Chemotherapy |
| Interferes with the growth of microbes within a host? | Antimicrobial drugs |
| Substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts, inhibits another microbe? | Antibiotic |
| A drug that kills harmful microbes with out damaging the host? | Selective toxicity |
| Who coined the term "magic bullet?" | Paul Ehrlich |
| An antibiotic that is used for many illnesses. | Broad spectrum |
| An antibiotic that can only be used for a small amount of illnesses? | Narrow spectrum |
| Treating an illness with an antibiotic but not taking all of the prescribed dose causes? | Superinfection |
| Kills microbes directly (Homocidal) | Bactericidal |
| Prevents microbes from growing. Stays still. | Bacteriostatic |
| Antimicrobial that inhibits synthesis of cell wall? | Pencillin, Cephalosporins, Bacitracin and Vancomycin |
| Antimicrobials that inhibit protein synthesis? | chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline and streptomycin |
| Antimicrobial that causes injury to cell plasma membrane? | Polymyxin B |
| Antimicrobial that inhibits synthesis of essential metabolites? | Sulfanilamide and Trimethoprim |
| Natural Pencillins? | Penicillian G IM, Penicillian V PO |
| Semisynthetic penicillins? | Oxacillin Narrow spec gram +, Ampicillin broad spec gram - |
| Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis? | Cephalosporins, Bacitracin,Vancomycin |
| Cephalosporins generation? | 1st: narrow spec, gram +, 2nd: extended spec gram -, 3rd: pseudomonads IM, 4th: PO |
| Polypeptide antibiotics? | Bacitracin,topical Vancomycin, glycopeptide, |
| Inhibitors of protein synthesis? | Chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, streptogramins, macrolides,Oxazolidinones |
| Chloramphenicol? | broad spectrum |
| Aminoglycosides? | Streptomycin, neomycin,gentacycin |
| Tetracyclines? | broad spectrum |
| Streptogramins? | gram + |
| Macrolides? | gram + |
| Oxazolidinones? | linezolid, narrow spec, gram + |
| Polymyxin B | Injury to plasma menbrane, topical |
| Inhibitors of Nucleic acid synthesis? | Rifamycin, Quinolones and fluoroquinolones |
| Rifamycin? | Used for TB |
| Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones? | Gram + Narrow, used for UTIs |
| Sulfonamides? | Competitive Inhibitors, broad spec. |
| Kirby Bauer Testin the disk diffusion? | The zone of inhibition indicatges sensitivity around the disk varies with the antibiotic. |
| MIC= Minimal inhibitory concentration. | How much ABT will stop growth. |
| Mechanisms of anitbiotic resistance? | 1 Enzymatic distruction of drug. 2 Prevention of penetration of drug. 3 Alteration of drugs target site. 4 rapid ejection of drug. |
| Misuse of antibiotics? | 1 Using outdated or weakened abt. 2 Using abt for common cold. 3. abt in animal feed. 4 failing to complete all abt. 5 Using someone elses leftover abt. |
| Synergism? | The effect of two drugs together is greater than ethe effect of either alone. |
| Antagonism? | The effect when two drugs together is less than the effect of either alone. |
| Prespiration and sebum contain? | Nutrients |
| Salt inhibits? | Microbes |
| Lysozyme hydrolyzes? | Peptidoglycan |
| Fatty acids inhibit? | Some pathogens |
| Gram +, salt-tolerant bacteria? | Staphylococci, Micrococci, Diphtheroids |
| Are skin bacteria more likely to be gram-positive or gram-negative? | Gram-positive |
| Exanthem? | Skin rash arising from another focus of the infection. |
| Enanthem? | Mucous membrane rash arising from another focus of the infection? |
| Staphylococcus aureus? | Antibiotic resistan, Leukocidin, resist opsonization, survives in phagolysosome, lysozyme resistant, exfoliative toxin, superantigen, gram+, coagulase+ |
| Folliculitis? | Infection of the hair follicules. Staphylococcal |
| Sty? | Folliculitis of an eyelash. Staphylococcal |
| Furuncle? | Absecess; pus surrounded by inflamed tissue. Staphylococcal |
| Impetigo? | Crusting (nonbullous) sores, spread by autoinculation. Staphylococcal |
| Streptococcal? | Streptococcus pyogenes, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, hemolysins, hyaluronidase, streloysins,M proteins |
| Streptococcal Skin Infections? | Necrotizing fasciitis (flesh eatting) Eysipelas |
| Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome? | M proteins, complex with fibrinogen, binds to neutrophils, activates neutrophils, release of damaging enzymes, shock and organ damage. |
| Infections by Pseudomonads? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gram- aerobic rod causes pseudomonas dermatitis (hot tub disease) otitis externa (swimmers ear) post-burn infections, Its opportunistic |
| Bburuli Ulcer? | caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, deep ulcers, more common than leprosy. |
| Comedonal Acne? | Mild, sebum channels blocked with shed cells, Tx: topical agents, salicyclic acid, retinoids, adapalene |
| Inflammatory Acne? | Moderate, Propionibacterium acnes, gram+ anaerobic rod, Tx: decrease sebum formation (isotretinoin) antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, blue light. |
| Nodular Cystic Acne? | Severe, Tx: Isotretinoin, Acutane? |
| Warts? | Papillomaviruses, Tx: cryotherapy, electrodesiccation, salicylic acid, Imiquimod (electric) bleomycin. |
| Smallpox (variola) | Orthopox virus, Variola major = 20% mortality rate, Variola Minor= <1% mortality, Eradicated by vaccination. |
| Chickenpox? | Varicella-zoster virus (human herpesviris 3)transmitted respiratiory route, pus-filled vesicles, may remain latent in dorsal root ganglia, prevent: live attenuated vaccine. |
| Shingles? | Reactivation of latent HHV-3 releases viruses that move along peripheral nerves to skin, postherpetic neuralgia, Prevention: live attenuated vaccine. Acyclovir my lessen symptoms. |
| Herpes simplex? | HSV-1 and HSV-2, cold sores or fever blisters (lips), Herpes gladiatorum (skin), Herpetic whitlow (fingers), Herpes encephalitis, Can remain latent in trigeminal nerve ganglia. |
| Measles (Rubeola) | Transmitted respiratiry route, macular rash and Koplik's spots,vaccination. |
| Rubella (German Measles)? | Macular rash and fever, severe fetal damage, vaccination. |
| Fifth Disease? | #5, Human parvovirus B19 produces mild flu-like symptoms and facial rash. |
| Roseola? | HHV-6 and HHV-7, fever and rash 1-2 days. |
| Cutaneous? | On skin |
| Subcutaneous? | Under skin |
| Dermatomycoses? | Ringworm and Tineas (athlete's foot) |
| Sporotrichosis? | SubQ Mycoses, most common, sporothrix schenchii: enters puncture wound, Tx: potassium iodide (KI) |
| Candidiasis? | Yeast, causes? Anibiotics (suppression of good bacteria) occurs in skin, mucous membranes of genitourinary tract and mouth (thrush) Tx: miconazole or nystatin |
| Parasitic Infestation of Skin? | Scabies: burrows in skin to lay eggs Tx: topical insecticides. Pediculosis (lice) Capitis (Head), P.h. corporis (body), feed on blood, lay eggs on hair, Tx: topical insecticides. |
| Conjunctivitis? | Inflamation of the conjunctiva, (pink eye) associated with dirty contact lenses |
| Ophthalmia neonatorum? | Gonorrhoeae transmitted in child birth. |
| Chlamydia trachomatis? | Chlamydia transmitted in child birth and swimming pools. Leading cause of blindness. Tx: tetracycline |
| Keratitis? | Inflammation of the cornea. |
| Herpetic keratitis? | HSV-1,infects cornea, may cause blindness. |
| Acanthamoeba keratitis? | Transmitted via water and dirty contact lenses. |
Created by:
pflorentin
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