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Chapter 6
The Chemistry of Life
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| elements | everything is made out of them; you can not break it down into a simpler substance |
| atom | the smallest particle in an element that has the characteristics of that element, atoms are the building blocks of all matter |
| nucleus | the center of an atom |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| compound | a substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined (table salt) |
| covalent bond | when 2 organisms share electrons,such as 2 hydrogen atoms sharing electrons, the force that holds them together is covalent bonds (sugar) |
| molecule | a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| ionic bond | the attractive force between 2 ions of opposite charge |
| metabolism | all chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| mixture | a combination of substances in which the individual components retain their properties |
| solution | a mixture in which one or more substances (solutes) are distributed evenly in another substance (solvent) |
| pH | a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is |
| acid | any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water (pH below 7) |
| base | any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water (pH above 7) |
| polar molecule | a molecule with unequal distribution of charge, each molecule has a pos. and neg. side |
| hydrogen bond | the attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and oxygen forms a weak bond called a hydrogen bond |
| diffusion | is the net movement of particles from and area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| dynamic equilibrium | when there is continous overall movement but there is no concentration change |
| isomers | compounds that have the same chemical formula but have a different 3-D structure |
| carbohydrate | biomolecule composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen with a ratio of about 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen atom for every carbon atom, used by cells to provide energy |
| lipids | biomolecules that are made mosty of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen (fats, oils waxes and steriods are all lipids) |
| protiens | a large complex polymer that is essential to all life |
| amino acids | the basic building blocks of protiens |
| peptide bond | the covalent bond formed between amino acids |
| enzyme | a protien that changes the rate of a chemical reaction, involved in most metaboloic processes |
| nucleic acid | a biomolecule that stores cellular information in the form of a code |
| nucleotides | smaller subunits of nucleic acid |
| ion | a charged particle made of atoms |
Created by:
herbunny
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