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Chemistry of Life
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Elements | pure substances that can't be broken down further |
| Atom | the basic unit of matter |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Atomic Mass | determined by the number in the nucleus of an atom |
| Isotopes | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neurons |
| Ions | electrically charged atoms |
| Orbital | a space where an electron is present most of the time |
| Shell | one or more orbital zones within an atom where electrons occ |
| Molecules | a substance made up of two or more atoms |
| Chemical Bond | a form of attraction between atoms that hold them together |
| Molecular Orbital | a merged orbital traversed by a pair of shared electrons |
| Covalent Bond | a chemical bond formed by a shared pair of electrons holding two different atoms together |
| Double Bond | a covalent bond in which covalently joined atoms share two pairs of electrons |
| Electronegativity | the propensity of atoms to attract electrons |
| Polar Covalent Bond | bonds that don't share electrons equally |
| Nonpolar Covalent Bond | a covalent bond between atoms that have the same, or nearly the same, electronegativity |
| Ionic Bond | a chemical bond in which two ions with opposite charges associate with each other due to their difference in electronegativity |
| Chemical Reaction | the process by which reactants, are transformed into products |
| Reactants | any of the starting molecules in a chemical reaction |
| Products | any one of the transformed molecules that result from a chemical reaction |
| Polar | a molecule that has regions of positive and negative charge |
| Hydrophilic | "Water loving" describes a class of molecule with which water can undergo hydrogen bonding |
| Hydrophobic | "Water fearing" describes a class of molecule poorly able to undergo hydrogen bonding with water |
| Nonpolar | describes compounds that don't have regions of positive and negative charge |
| Solvent | a liquid capable of dissolving a substance |
| Hydrophobic Effect | polar molecules, exclude non polar ones, drives such biological processes as the formation of cell membranes and the folding of proteins |
| Hydrogen Bond | an electrostatic interaction between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and an electronegative atom in another molecule |
| Cohesion | attraction between molecules |
| Acidic | describes a solution in which the concentration of protons is higher than the concentration of hydroxide ions; having a pH less than 7 |
| Basic | describes a solution in which the concentration of protons is lower than the concentration of hydroxide ions; having a pH greater than 7 |
| Van der Waals' Forces | electrostatic interactions between atoms that have a temporary partial charge |
Created by:
luckram
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