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Bio 102 Labs

Lab 6 - 7 Animals

TermDefinition
Gas Exchange Movement of gases. Biological process by which oxygen moves into the blood from the environment while carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and released.
Eloda Autotroph Photosynthesis Takes in CO₂ and releases O₂
Autotroph Makes own food.
Snail Heterotroph Cellular Respiration Takes in O₂ and releases CO₂
Heterotroph Consume other organisms for food.
Acidic > 7 More CO₂ lowers pH; makes more acidic ↳ Snail only tube more acidic because releases CO₂
Basic < 7 Less CO₂ raises pH; makes more basic ↳ Plant only tube more basic because it consumes CO₂
Bilateral Symmetry Body can be divided into 2 matching halves down the middle.
Coelom Body Cavity Fluid - filled cavity between the digestive tract and body wall that holds and protects internal organs.
Segmentation Body is divided into repeating sections called segments.
Excretory Organ Specialized body parts that remove metabolic wastes, toxins, and excess water or salts from the body to maintain internal chemical balance.
Dorsal
Ventral
Nerve Cord Either dorsal or ventral. Carries nerve signals.
Open Circulatory System Hemolymph is not always contained in blood vessels. It flows around organs inside body cavity.
Closed Circulatory System Blood stays inside blood vessels as it circulates through the body.
Earthworm ➡ Bilateral ➡Coelom Body Cavity ➡ Hs Segmentation ➡ Closed Circulatory ➡ Diffusion Respiratory Method ➡Nephridia Extratory Organ ➡Ventral Nerve Cord ➡ Sexual Reproduction (Hermaphroditic)
Hermaphroditic Each earthworm has both male and female reproductive organs.
Diffusion Earthworm Respiratory Method Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide directly through its moist skin.
External Anatomy of Earthworm - Mouth - Anus - Clitellum
Clitellum External Ant Earthworm Thick, raised band around the body. Produces mucus during reproduction and forms a cocoon for fertilized eggs.
Internal Anatomy of Earthworm - Pharynx - Hearts - Crop - Gizzard - Intestine - Dorsal Blood Vessel - Ventral Nerve Cord - Nephridia
Pharynx Pulls food into digestive system tract from the mouth.
Earthworm Hearts Pulls food into the digestive tract from the mouth.
Crop Stores food temporarily before it moves to the gizzard.
Gizzard Muscular organ that grinds food into smaller pieces using small particles of soil.
Intestine Digests food and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream.
Dorsal Blood Vessel Carries blood toward the front of the body and helps move blood through the circulatory system.
Ventral Nerve Cord Carries nerve impulses along the underside of the body and coordinates movement and responses.
Nephridia Earthworm Extratory Organ Remove metabolic wastes from the body and help regulate water and salt balance.
Perch ➡ Bilateral ➡ Coelom Body Cavity ➡ Hs Internal Segmentation ➡ Closed Circulatory ➡ Gills for Respiration ➡ Kidney Extratory Organ ➡ Dorsal Nerve Cord ➡ Sexual Reproduction
Gills Respiratory Method for Perch Remove oxygen from water and release carbon dioxide.
Internal Segmentation Remove oxygen from water and release carbon dioxide.
Dorsal Nerve Cord Runs along the back and is associated with the brain and spinal cord.
External Anatomy of Perch - Operculum - Pectoral Fin - Pelvic Fin - Dorsal Fin - Anal Fin - Caudal Fin
Operculum Bony flap covering and protecting the gills. Moves to help water flow over the gills.
Pectoral Fins Paired fins on the sides of the body. Help with steering, turning, braking.
Pelvic Fins Paired fins on the underside of the body. Help with balance and stabilization.
Dorsal Fins Fins along the back that help stabilize the fish and prevent it from rolling.
Anal Fin Fin on the underside near the tail. Help stabilize the fish while swimming.
Caudal Fin Tail fin that provides most of the forward propulsion (push) when swimming.
Internal Anatomy of Perch - Heart - Liver - Stomach - Swim Bladder - Kidneys - Gonads - Dorsal Nerve Cord - Spinal Column
Perch Heart Pumps blood to the gills, where it picks up oxygen, and then throughout the body.
Liver Produces bile to help digest fats, processes nutrients, stores energy, and detoxifies substances.
Stomach Breaks down food using acid and digestive enzymes.
Swim Bladder Gas - filled sac that helps the fish control its buoyancy (stay at different depths without constanlty swimming).
Kidneys Perch Extratory Organ Filter blood, remove nitrogenous wastes, and regulate water and salt balence.
Gonads Reproductive Organs Testes produce sperm in males and ovaries produce eggs in females.
Dorsal Nerve Cord Carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body. Controls movement and responses.
Spinal Column Backbone made of vertebrae that protects the spinal cord and supports the body.
Grasshoper ➡ Bilateral Symmetry ➡ Reduced Coelom (Hemocoel) ➡ Hs Segmentation ➡ Open Circulatory System ➡ Lungs / Trachea Respiratory Method ➡ Malpighian Tubules Excretory Organ ➡ Ventral Nerve Cord ➡ Sexual Reproduction
Hemocoel Reduced Coelom Main body cavity filled with hemolymph (insect blood-like fluid). It surrounds internal organs.
External Anatomy of Grasshopper - Head - Thorax - Pronotum - Abdomen - Spiracles - Antenna - Wings
Thorax Middle body region where all 6 legs and wings attach. Responsible for movement.
Pronotum Plate - like covering on the upper side of the thorax. Protects the thorax.
Abdomen Rear body region containing most digestive, reproductive, and excretory organs.
Spiracles Small openings along the body that allow air to enter and leave the tracheal system.
Internal Anatomy of Grasshopper - Crop - Stomach - Intestines - Malpighian Tubules - Heart - Ventral Nerve Cord - Gonads
Grasshopper Heart Long, tube-shaped structure along the dorsal side that pumps hemolymph through the open circulatory system.
Malpighian Tubules Grasshopper Extratory Organ Remove nitrogenous wastes from the hemolymph and help regulate water balance.
Created by: user-2064055
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