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Cells & Systems

(H Bio Unit 2 26-27 Stack A)

QuestionAnswer
cell membrane/ Plasma Membrane Structure: Animal outside layer, semi-permeable Function: Controls what can go in and out of the cell Found In: all cells
cell wall Structure: Stiff, hard outside, made out of cellulose Function: Protection, provides structure, allows items like water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, etc. into cell Found In: Plant, fungi
chloroplast Structure: Float in the cytoplasm and are green Function: Filled with chlorophyll and take light energy and turn it into sugar through photosynthesis Found In: Plants and some protists
cilia hairlike structure that allows an organism to move, filter particles and to grab things. Found in: some prokaryotes, some eukaryotic cells
cytoplasm Structure: Jelly-like fluid inside of cell Function: Holds everything in the cell and gives shape to cell Found In: all cells
eukaryote -Have a nucleus -Have membrane-bound organelles -examples: plants, animals, fungi, protists
flagellum hairlike structure that allows an organism to move. Found in: some prokaryotes, some eukaryotic cells
Golgi apparatus Structure: Looks like a stack of pancakes, in cytoplasm “packaging center” Function: Process items for their final jobs and transports items to next destination and stores items Found In: eukaryotes
Lysosome Structure: Round and floats in cytoplasm Function: Digests food and/or breaks down old cell organelles/unwanted items Found In: eukaryotes
Mitochondria Structure: double membrane, has its own DNA Function: converts the energy from glucose into ATP for use in cellular reactions Found In: eukaryotes
Chloroplast Structure: double membrane, has its own DNA Function: converts the energy from light into glucose Found In: eukaryotes
nuclear membrane/ nuclear envelope Structure: Membrane around nucleus that is porous Function: Controls what goes in and out of the cell Found In: eukaryotes
nucleolus Structure: Ball like mass of fibers and found inside of the nucleus. Function: Makes ribosomes Found In: eukaryotes
nucleus Structure: membrane-bound organelles. Function: contains genomic DNA Found In: eukaryotes
Vacuole Structure: membrane-bound sacs of empty space in cytoplasm Function: Stores food/water/waste to get rid of or use at a later time Found In: Plants and Animals, some protists
Prokaryote -Do not have a nucleus or membrane based organelles, are unicellular
Ribosomes Structure: made of rRNA and protein, located in cytoplasm and on Rough ER Function: Makes proteins Found In: all cells
rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) Structure: flattened set of membrane with ribosomes Function: Makes and modifies proteins Found In: eukaryotes
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) Structure: flattened set of membranes Function: Builds lipids eukaryotes
Vesicle Structure: membrane-bound structure Function: Transports items into and out of the cell Found In: eukaryotes
Cytoskeleton Structure: made of microtubles Function: gives the cell shape and allows movement of vesicles and structures within the cell Found In: eukaryotes
Centrioles Structure: made of microtubules Function: Help guide chromosomes during cell division and pulls them apart Found In: Animal cells
homeostasis The process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
excretory system maintains water balance, gets rid of waste like sweat and urine, and filters blood
integumentary system acts as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world, as well as regulates temperature and controls water loss. Includes skin, hair and nails.
nervous system collects, processes and responds to sensory information; controls voluntary and involuntary (reflex) actions
endocrine system produces and secretes hormones for regulation of the body (growth, metabolism, and sexual development)
body systems interactions organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis in multicellular organisms like humans
Created by: onceamustang
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