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Chem vocab pt2

Vocab

TermDefinition
Structural formula a formula which shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule of a compound.
Stable a substance or state that remains unchanged because it is in a low-energy condition or changes only extremely slowly.
Sphere of hydration 3D region of solvent molecules usually water that surrounds and interacts with a dissolved ion or molecule.
solvent a substance that dissolves a solute to form a homogeneous mixture called a solution
Solution A homogeneous mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another.
Solute The substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Simple formula A chemical formula showing the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms or ions in a substance; also called an empirical formula.
Polar Having an uneven distribution of electrical charge, creating slightly positive and slightly negative ends.
pH scale A scale from 0 to 14 that measures how acidic or basic a solution is. Below 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic.
Non-polar Having an even distribution of electrical charge, with no distinct positive and negative ends.
Neutral Neither acidic nor basic; a neutral solution has a pH of 7 at room temperature.
Molecule Two or more atoms chemically bonded together as a distinct unit.
Insoluble Unable, or only minimally able, to dissolve in a particular solvent.
Hydroxide ion A negatively charged ion made of oxygen and hydrogen, written as OH⁻.
Hydrogen ion A positively charged hydrogen atom, written as H⁺; in water, it associates with water molecules to form hydronium, H₃O⁺.
Hydrogen bond A relatively weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom, commonly oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine.
Homogeneous Uniform throughout; every sample has the same composition.
Dissolve To mix into a solvent so that particles become evenly distributed and form a solution.
Dissociate To separate into smaller particles, usually ions, when dissolved in a solvent.
Compound A pure substance made of two or more different elements chemically bonded in a fixed ratio.
Chemical formula A combination of element symbols and numbers showing which elements are present and their proportions.
Base A substance that accepts hydrogen ions or produces hydroxide ions in water; bases generally have a pH above 7.
Balanced Describes a chemical equation with the same number of each type of atom on both sides.
Auto-ionization (self-ionization) A reaction in which molecules of the same substance form ions. In water, one water molecule transfers H⁺ to another, forming H₃O⁺ and OH⁻.
Acid A substance that donates hydrogen ions or increases the concentration of hydronium ions in water; acids generally have a pH below 7.
Created by: user-1646861
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