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Chemistry Vocab 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stable | a substance or state that is resistant to chemical change or decomposition under normal conditions |
| sphere of hydration | A cluster of water molecules that surround and bond to a dissolved ion or molecule |
| solvent | the substance that does the dissolving in a solution, usually present in the largest amount |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture where one or more substances are completely and evenly dissolved in another |
| Solute | the substance that gets dissolved by a solvent to form a solution |
| simple formula | also called an empirical formula, it shows the lowest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound |
| Polar | a molecule with an uneven distribution of electrical charge, creating a distinct positive side and negative side |
| pH scale | a numeric scale from 0-14 used to measure how acidic or basic a solution is |
| Non-polar | a molecule where the electrical charges are evenly distributed meaning it has no distinct positive or negative ends |
| neutral | A chemical state or solution that is neither acidic nor basic, having a pH of exactly 7 |
| molecule | A neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
| insoluble | A substance that cannot be dissolved in a specific solvent |
| hydroxide ion | A negatively charged polyatomic ion made of one oxygen and one hydrogen atom |
| hydrogen ion | A positively charged hydrogen atom (H+) that drives the acidity of a solution |
| hydrogen bond | A weak electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom in one polar molecule and an electronegative atom in another |
| homogeneous | A mixture that has a completely uniform composition throughout |
| dissolve | to thoroughly mix a solute into a solvent, breaking it down into individual molecules or ions to form a uniform, homogeneous solution |
| dissociate | the process where a chemical compound splits apart into smaller molecules, atoms, or ions, typically when dissolved in a solvent like water. |
| compound | a distinct substance formed when two or more different chemical elements are chemically bonded together in a fixed, definite ratio |
| chemical formula | an expression using chemical symbols and numerical subscripts to show the exact numbers and types of atoms present in a molecule or compound |
| base | a substance that can accept hydrogen ions (H+) or release hydroxide ions (OH-) in water, with a pH greater than 7 |
| Balanced | a chemical equation where the total number of atoms for each element is equal on both the reactant and product sides |
| auto-ionization (self-ionization) | a reaction where two identical, neutral molecules react to produce ions |
| acid | a substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) to a solution, possessing a pH less than 7 |
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