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F26 Unit 6 Vocbulary

F26 Unit 6 Vocabulary Meiosis & Heredity

QuestionAnswer
Allele One of the different versions of a gene.
Chromatid One of two identical copies of a duplicated chromosome, joined at a region called the centromere.
Chromosome A long DNA molecule that carries genes and other genetic information.
Crossing Over The exchange of DNA sections between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. This creates new combinations of alleles.
Daughter Cell A new cell formed when a parent cell divides.
Diploid Describes a cell with two sets of chromosomes, usually one set from each parent. (2N)
Fertilization The joining of two gametes to form a fertilized cell (zygote).
Gamete A reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm, that carries one set of chromosomes. (Haploid) (N)
Gene A section of DNA that contains instructions related to a characteristic or cell function.
Sex Linked Trait A trait controlled by a gene located on a sex chromosome.
Gene Mutation A change in the DNA sequence within a gene.
Genetic Variation Differences in genetic information among individuals. Meiosis, DNA-copying errors, and environmental factors that cause mutations can contribute to it.
Genome All the genetic information in an organism.
Haploid Describes a cell with one set of chromosomes, such as a gamete. (N)
Homologous Chromosome One of a matching pair of chromosomes, with one inherited from each parent. They carry genes for the same characteristics, though their alleles may differ.
Meiosis Cell division that produces gametes with one set of chromosomes. It can also create new combinations of genetic information.
Monosomy A chromosome condition in which a cell has one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the usual pair.
Nondisjunction An error during cell division in which chromosomes do not separate correctly. It can result in cells with too many or too few chromosomes.
Asexual Reproduction Reproduction involving one parent, without the joining of gametes. It generally produces offspring genetically similar to the parent.
Sexual Reproduction Reproduction in which genetic information from two gametes combines in offspring, creating new genetic combinations.
Somatic Cell Any body cell that is not a reproductive cell, such as a skin cell. (2N)
Sperm Cell A male gamete that can join with an egg cell during fertilization. (N)
Mutation A change in genetic information. Some mutations can be inherited and contribute to genetic variation.
Trait A characteristic of an organism that can be influenced by genes and the environment.
Trisomy A chromosome condition in which a cell has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the usual pair.
Autosome Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. Chromosomes
Parent Cell A cell that divides to produce new cells, called daughter cells.
Sex Chromosome A chromosome involved in determining biological sex and carrying genes for other traits. Chromosome
Genotype The combination of alleles an organism has for a gene or genes.
Heterozygous Having two different alleles for a gene.
Homozygous Having two of the same allele for a gene.
Dihybrid Cross A genetic cross used to predict how two genes may be inherited together.
Karyotype An organized display of an individual's chromosomes, arranged in pairs to examine their number and appearance.
Monohybrid Cross (Punnett Square) A cross that follows the inheritance of one gene. Can model the possible allele combinations in offspring.
Phenotype An observable characteristic of an organism, influenced by its genes and sometimes by the environment.
Created by: tmsullivanLDHS
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