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Science Lesson 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment | cell membrane |
| one of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function | Organelles |
| This surrounds and supports organelles inside the cell. | Cytoplasm |
| contains information that directs all of the cell’s functions. | genetic material |
| cells that do not have any membrane-bound organelles, although they do have structures called ribosomes. The genetic material is free-floating in the cytoplasm. They are unicellular organisms. Bacteria are the largest group of them. | prokaryotic cell |
| an organelle that makes proteins inside the cytoplasm. | Ribosome |
| this provides structural support for plant cells and some prokaryotic cells. | Cell wall |
| These projections move the prokaryote through its environment. | Flagellum |
| These are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. In a this type cell, genetic material is enclosed in a membrane-bound organelle called the nucleus. They also have additional membrane-bound organelles. | Eukaryotic Cell |
| This contains genetic information that gives instructions for making proteins and other materials the cell needs. | Nucleus |
| These organelles convert energy stored in food into a form the cell can use. Cells that need a lot of energy, such as muscle cells, have more of these than cells that need less energy, such as nerve cells. | Mitochondria |
| an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs | Chloroplast |
| This is located near the nucleus and contains ribosomes on its surface. It is involved in making and processing proteins. | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| This does not contain ribosomes. It makes fat-based molecules, called lipids, that are used to make membranes. golgi apparatus:This takes proteins from the ER and moves them to different parts of the cell. | Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum |
| These structures contain powerful chemicals known as enzymes that break down food. | Lysosome |
| In the cells of plants and a few other kinds of organisms, they capture energy from sunlight and change it into food that stores energy for the cell to use. | Chloroplast |
| Maintains adequate pressure inside plant cells | Vacuole |
| Billions of years ago smaller prokaryotic cells began living in host prokaryotic cells, and mitochondria and nucleus are descended from bacteria | Endosymbiosis |
| 1. How is a cell like a sports stadium? = | A cell has many moving parts just like a stadium does during a game. Each part of the cell does something different, such as a mitochondria which makes the energy for the cell like the electrical creates energy for the sports stadium. |
| 2. What processes does a cell carry out? | All essential life functions |
| 3. What can a protozoan do? | A protozoan can move around, consume organic material, and reproduce. Protozoan have no cell wall. |
| 4. What are the three structures in a cell that carry out life functions and what do they do? | Nucleus - contains the genetic instructions for making proteins and other material the cell needs Mitochondria- creates energy Ribosomes- makes protiens |
| 5. What are the two categories of cells and how are they similar and different? | Eukaryotic - Plant, animal; Chloraplasts, mitochondria, er, no prokaryotes; Prokaryotic - flagellum; no membrane bound organelles; bacteria are largest group; unicellular |
| 6. How does a cell membrane work? | The cell membrane engulfs nutrients and other smaller cells and protects the cell by keeping out parasites, and removing waste. Bigger things like gulcouse are moved through a channel. |
| 7. What are the similarities and differences between a plant cell and an animal cell? | An animal cell has no cell wall, valcloue, and cytoplasm. Both have a mitochondria, nucleus, and chloroplsts |
| 8. Compare the cell wall to the cell membrane. | The cell wall provides structural support and a cell membrane protects the cell, lets in nutrients, and takes out waste. |
| 9. When should you use a 2D model versus a 3D model? | When you want to see the cells shape and more accurate spacing, use a 3d model but when you want to see labels, the 2d is better. |
| 10. Why does a cell need to be small? What happens if it is too large? | When a cell gets too large, the cells have less space, and like humans, they’re kind of claustrophobic.If they are too large, the surface area to volume ratio is too small, so waste and nutrients would not be able to go in and out of the cell membrane. |
| 11. What is Lynn Margulis’s contribution to our understanding of cells? | Her contribution was that eukaryotic cells evolved from the process of endosymbiosis. |
Created by:
CharlieF
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