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Nervous System

Neurons,Nerves, CNS

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Distinguish between the two main structural divisions of the nervous system based on their anatomical components and general functions. Central Nervous System (CNS): Consists of the brain and spinal cord; acts as the integration and command center, source of thoughts, emotions, and memories. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Consists of cranial and spinal nerves outside the CNS; connects
Describe the three overlapping core functions of the nervous system Sensory input (Afferent): Monitoring changes occurring inside and outside the body via receptors. Integration: Processing and interpreting sensory input, determining a response, and coordinating activity via interneurons. Motor output (Efferent):
Explain two special cellular characteristics of neurons that distinguish them from typical somatic cells Long-lived (up to 100 years) Amitotic (cannot divide/lack centrioles) High metabolic rate (cannot survive >5 minutes without oxygen).
Classify neurons structurally based on the number of processes extending from the cell body, giving one anatomical location for bipolar neurons. Multipolar, Bipolar, Unipolar. Bipolar neurons are found in the retina, inner ear, and olfactory area of the brain.
Identify the three specific functional types of neurons and briefly state the primary pathway or role of each. Sensory (afferent) neurons: Transport sensory information from skin, muscles, joints, sense organs, and viscera to the CNS. Motor (efferent) neurons: Send motor nerve impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands. Interneurons (association) neurons: Conn
Match the following neuroglial cells found in the Central Nervous System (CNS) with their correct primary function: (a) Astrocytes (b) Microglia (c) Ependymal cells (d) Oligodendrocytes (a) Astrocytes: Maintain blood-brain barrier, control interstitial environment, structural support, neural repair, synaptic formation. (b) Microglia: Function as phagocytes to clear microbes, cellular debris, and damaged nervous tissue. (c) Ependym
Compare oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells regarding their anatomical distribution and the number of axons each can myelinate. Distribution: Oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS, whereas Schwann cells are found in the PNS. Myelination capacity: A single oligodendrocyte can myelinate several axons, whereas each Schwann cell surrounds and myelinates only a single axon.
Created by: user-2062461
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