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DNA, RNA & Prot Syn
DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis (H Bio Unit 1 26-27)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| nucleotide | monomer unit of nucleic acids |
| nitrogenous bases | adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil |
| type of bond between nitrogenous bases from 2 DNA strands | hydrogen bonds |
| where DNA is located in eukaryotes | nucleus |
| components of a nucleotide | phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base |
| 5-carbon sugar in RNA nucleotides | ribose |
| 5-carbon sugar in DNA nucleotides | deoxyribose |
| in RNA, nitrogenous base that bonds with adenine | uracil |
| in DNA, nitrogenous base that bonds with adenine | thymine |
| transcription | process of making an mRNA copy of a DNA gene |
| codon | three nucleotides on the mRNA that code for an amino acid |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| shape of double stranded DNA | double helix |
| anticodon | three nucleotides on the tRNA that bind with mRNA codons |
| organelle where translation takes place | ribosome |
| gene | specific sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein or a functional RNA molecule |
| RNA polymerase | adds complementary RNA nucleotides to a strand of mRNA |
| mRNA | messenger RNA |
| tRNA | transfer RNA |
| makes up the ribosome | rRNA (ribosomal RNA) |
| complementary base pair | nitrogenous bases that bond together with hydrogen bonds |
| chromatin | loose strands of DNA in the nucleus; "spaghetti noodles" |
| chromosome | packages of DNA and protein; DNA is in this state during cell division only |
| translation | the process of converting an mRNA sequence to a sequence of amino acids |
| protein synthesis | the process of creating a protein, which involves both transcription and translation |
| antiparallel | parallel but in 180 degrees opposite alignment |
| type of bond between a nucleotide's phosphate group and another's deoxyribose | covalent |
| purine | a single-ring nitrogenous base; adenine, guanine |
| pyrimidine | a double-ring nitrogenous base; cytosine, uracil, thymine |
| template or non-coding DNA strand | the 3' --> 5' DNA strand |
| post-transcriptional processing | the chemical alteration of a primary RNA transcript (pre-mRNA) into a mature, functional molecule before it exits the nucleus for translation |
| intron | sequence of nitrogenous bases that does not code for protein |
| exon | sequence of nitrogenous bases that codes for protein |
| RNA splicing | The process by which introns are removed from RNA to produce mature messenger RNA that contains only exons. |
| cell differentiation | Process through which a cell with less specificity develops and matures to become more distinct in terms of form and function. Occurs through regulation of which genes are transcribed (turned on or off). |
| promoter | DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription |
| terminator | DNA sequence that signals the end of transcription |
| genome | complete set of DNA for an organism, within a living cell |
| alternative splicing | Process in which exons from the same gene are joined in different combinations, leading to different mRNA transcripts. Allows the same gene to code for different proteins. |
Created by:
onceamustang
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