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Body Systems
Unit 1&2 VCE Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| phloem | vascular tissue in plants that transports sugar around the plant |
| xylem | vascular tissue in plants that transports water & dissolved nutrients up the plant from roots to leaves |
| hormone | chemical messenger of the endocrine system |
| mechanical /physical digestion | digestion that breaks food down into smaller parts, increasing SA:V; involves chewing/mastication and stomach churning |
| ingestion | step of digestion that involves food entering the body, occurs in the mouth and oesophagus |
| reabsorption | 2nd stage of excretion, occurs in the tubules and some fluids and ions move back into the bloodstream instead of being excreted |
| transpiration | loss of water from the surfaces of a plant |
| protein/peptide hormone | hydrophillic hormone that travels through the bloodstream naked and binds to an extracellular receptor on target cells |
| digestion | step of digestion where food is broken down (both physically/mechanically and chemically), occurs in mouth, oesophagus, stomach and small intestine |
| plant vascular system | system involving roots, shoots & leaves: transports water, sugar and nutrients between cells in vascular plants |
| chemical digestion | digestion that breaks bonds between molecules in food into their smallest subunits, involves enzymes and stomach acid |
| absorption | step of digestion where nutrients diffuse into body cells, occurs in the small and large intestine |
| digestive system | system involving the stomach & intestines; allows food to be broken down and nutrients to be absorbed |
| enzyme | a protein that binds to a specific substrate to catalyse its breakdown into smaller particles, ends in '-ase' |
| excretory system | system involving the kidneys, ureters and bladder; allows excess and toxic metabolic products to be removed from body |
| filtration | first step in excretion, carried out by the glomerulus, which filters excess fluids and waste products |
| egestion | final stage of digestion where undigested material/waste leaves the body, occurs in the large intestine, rectum and anus |
| secretion | final stage of excretion, occurs in the tubules where fluid and waste products to leave the bloodstream and become urine to be removed from the body |
| steroid hormone | hydrophobic hormone that travels through the bloodstream via a carrier protein and binds to an intracellular receptor on target cells |
| endocrine system | system involving hormones and glands (such as hypothalamus & pituitary): carries messages through the bloodstream via hormones |
Created by:
BiologyBright
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