The process by which a cell becomes specialized in structure and function to perform a specific role in the body, such as a stem cell becoming a muscle cell or nerve cell.

The two new cells that result from cell division; they are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell in mitosis.

Two identical copies of a chromosome that are connected at the centromere and formed during DNA replication; they separate during cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives the same genetic information.

A cylindrical organelle found in animal cells that helps organize the spindle fibers during cell division and is located near the nucleus.

The region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are joined together and where spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull the chromatids apart.

Protein structures that extend from the centrioles and attach to chromosomes during cell division to pull sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell.

A control point in the cell cycle where the cell checks for errors (such as DNA damage or incomplete replication) before proceeding to the next phase to prevent problems.

The indentation that forms in animal cells during cytokinesis as the cell membrane pinches inward to divide the cytoplasm and separate the two daughter cells.

The series of events that a cell goes through as it grows, replicates its DNA, and divides into two daughter cells, including interphase and mitosis.

An unspecialized cell that has the ability to divide repeatedly and differentiate into various specialized cell types in the body.

A disease caused by uncontrolled cell division that results when cells ignore cell cycle checkpoints and continue dividing without regulation.

Any substance or agent (such as tobacco smoke, UV radiation, or certain chemicals) that causes or promotes the development of cancer by damaging DNA or disrupting normal cell cycle regulation.

A term describing cancer cells or tumors that can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

A term describing a tumor that grows slowly, remains localized in one area, and does not invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body.

An abnormal mass of cells that results from uncontrolled cell division; it can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Any body cell that is not a reproductive cell (sperm or egg); these cells contain the full number of chromosomes (diploid) and divide by mitosis.

A structure that forms in plant cells during cytokinesis

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F26Unit 5 Vocabulary

Unit 5 Cell Cycle and Cancer

Question	Answer
Differentiation	The process by which a cell becomes specialized in structure and function to perform a specific role in the body, such as a stem cell becoming a muscle cell or nerve cell.
Daughter cells	The two new cells that result from cell division; they are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell in mitosis.
Sister chromatids	Two identical copies of a chromosome that are connected at the centromere and formed during DNA replication; they separate during cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives the same genetic information.
Centriole	A cylindrical organelle found in animal cells that helps organize the spindle fibers during cell division and is located near the nucleus.
Centromere	The region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are joined together and where spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull the chromatids apart.
Spindle fibers	Protein structures that extend from the centrioles and attach to chromosomes during cell division to pull sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell.
Checkpoint	A control point in the cell cycle where the cell checks for errors (such as DNA damage or incomplete replication) before proceeding to the next phase to prevent problems.
Cleavage furrow	The indentation that forms in animal cells during cytokinesis as the cell membrane pinches inward to divide the cytoplasm and separate the two daughter cells.
Cell cycle	The series of events that a cell goes through as it grows, replicates its DNA, and divides into two daughter cells, including interphase and mitosis.
Stem cell	An unspecialized cell that has the ability to divide repeatedly and differentiate into various specialized cell types in the body.
Cancer	A disease caused by uncontrolled cell division that results when cells ignore cell cycle checkpoints and continue dividing without regulation.
Carcinogen	Any substance or agent (such as tobacco smoke, UV radiation, or certain chemicals) that causes or promotes the development of cancer by damaging DNA or disrupting normal cell cycle regulation.
Malignant	A term describing cancer cells or tumors that can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
Benign	A term describing a tumor that grows slowly, remains localized in one area, and does not invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body.
Tumor	An abnormal mass of cells that results from uncontrolled cell division; it can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Somatic cells	Any body cell that is not a reproductive cell (sperm or egg); these cells contain the full number of chromosomes (diploid) and divide by mitosis.
Cell plate	A structure that forms in plant cells during cytokinesis

Created by: tmsullivanLDHS

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