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Unit 1A Quiz Review
Unit 1A Quiz Review Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Respiration | breaking down food to produce energy; to produce energy by breaking down glucose (aerobic and anaerobic) |
| Regulation | responding to changes in the internal and external environment of the organism (Ex: shivering, sweating) |
| Reproduction | production of new offspring/cells (asexual or sexual) |
| Growth | increase in the size or number of cells in an organism |
| Excretion | getting rid of wastes made by the body's cellular processes (Ex: sweating out heat, breathing out CO2, urinating out water) |
| Nutrition | obtain nutrients to use for energy for life processes (Ex: food for humans, soil for plants) |
| Synthesis | combining several smaller parts into a larger molecule (Ex: photosynthesis in plants) |
| metabolism | the sum of all of the life functions in an organism; all the functions working together |
| homeostasis | state of balance/equilibrium |
| Transport | movement of molecules around an organism to be delivered or picked up from the cells or within the cell (Ex: blood circulation, water in/out of cells, sap in plants) |
| Biology | the study of living organisms and how they interact with their environment |
| cell membrane | surrounds and protects the cell; lets materials in and out of the cell |
| nucleus | control center of the cell; holds DNA |
| cytoplasm | gel-like substance that allows organelles to float within a cell |
| mitochondria | turns sugar (glucose) into energy (ATP) through process of Respiration |
| ribosome | build proteins from mRNA through the process of protein synthesis |
| cell wall | Plant Cells Only; gives stability and structure to cells; adds protection |
| chloroplasts | Plant Cells Only; used for photosynthesis; contain chlorophyll (green pigment) |
| cell | smallest unit of life |
| unicellular | organism that is only one cell |
| multicellular | organism that is made of more than one cell |
| organelles | structures within a cell that work together to perform life functions |
| bacteria | unicellular organism; killed by antibiotics (anti-against, bio-life |
| virus | non-living parasite; not affected by antibiotics (flu, COVID) |
| hypothesis | educated guess that is able to be tested |
| independent variable | in an experiment, the variable that "I" (the Investigator) controls or manipulates |
| dependent variable | the Data measured in an experiment |
| control group | in an experiment, the "normal" group that is used to compare changes to |
| experimental group | the group that gets the changed environment |
| constants | in an experiment, factors that stay the same between the control and experimental groups |
| constraint | limitation or restriction |
| validity | how accurately the results of an experiment reflect the real-world phenomenon it's intended to study |
| support a claim | to support a claim is to agree or say that it is true |
| refute a claim | to refute a claim is to disagree or say that it is false |
| Nervous system | controls life functions in the whole body; brain spinal cord, nerves |
| Endocrine system | sends and receives chemical messages through blood stream; glands and hormones |
| Digestive system | breaks down food; stomach, intestines |
| Cardiovascular System (Circulatory and Respiratory) | bring oxygen to all cells around body, remove carbon dioxide; heart, lungs, blood vessels |
| Reproductive System | produce sex cells (sperm and egg); Female structures: vagina, uterus, ovaries. Male structures: penis, testes, urethra |
| Immune system | protect body from pathogens; white blood cells, lymph nodes, tonsils |
| organ | group of same type of tissue working together to perform a job (heart, liver, kidney...) |
| organ system | group of different organs working together (digestive system, nervous system) |
| organism | group of organ systems working together to maintain homeostasis |
| tissue | group of same type of cells |
| concentration gradient | different amounts (concentration) of a substance inside and outside a cell |
| diffusion | movement of molecules from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration; HIGH to LOW |
| function | Job |
| interact | Work together to achieve a goal |
| semi-permeable | refers to the cell membrane; smaller things can pass through and larger things cannot |
| Structure | Part |
| Stimulus/Stimuli | A change in an environment that triggers a response |
| Feedback Mechanism | a cause and effect loop where one stimulus causes a response and that response becomes the stimulus for another response (think thermostat) |
| Negative Feedback | feedback mechanism that maintains homeostasis (regulating blood glucose) |
| Positive Feedback | increases a response to move a system further away from its initial state (childbirth process) |
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