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Biology ch. 5 vocab
vocabulary functions and definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the genetic material of the nucleus; contains DNA, RNA, and protein | chromatin |
| propels the cell through its environment; moves particles past the cell | cilium |
| surrounds each cell of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes; protects the cell and allows certain materials to move through it (semi-permeable); contains proteins that perform several different functions for the cell | cell membrane |
| a type of vacuole; found in humans, animals, and animal-like cells; contains digestive enzymes that digest food, kill bacteria and viruses, and recycles old cell parts; moves to the cell membrane by cytoplasmic streaming to release wastes outside the cell | lysosome |
| builds parts for the cytoskeleton | centrosome |
| the "powerhouse" of cell; transforms energy from sugars into usable energy; has an inner membrane that contains fold allowing for more surface area to increase energy output and more proteins to be embedded in the membrane | mitochondria |
| received substances from the ER and packages them into membrane sacs called vesicles; sends vesicles either to places within the cell or to the cell membrane to deliver cargo outside cell | golgi apparatus |
| a structure based on lipids having a hydropholic end and a hydrophobic end, thus arranging themselves into 2 layers: the hydrophobic ends facing the watery environments inside and outside the cell and the hydrophobic ends facing each other to escape water | lipid bilayer |
| an extension of the cytoskeleton; usually only one of a few on a cell; propels the cell through the environment using a protein motor | flagellum |
| contains the genetic material for the cell; floats freely in the cytosol | nucleoid |
| found in bacteria outside the cell membrane and cell wall; protects the cell; contains water to keep the cell from drying out, often making it feel slimy | capsule |
| contains proteins and RNA; lines up amino acids to make proteins; either attached to the ER or floating in the cytosol | ribosome |
| transports compounds around the cell and helps maintain the cells shape; processes fats and breaks down toxic substances in liver cells | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| transports compounds around the cell and helps maintain the cell's shape; is studded with ribosomes and processes the proteins made by ribosomes | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| a type of pigmented plastid; found in plants and algae; converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy | chloroplast |
| a type of colorless plastid; found in plants and algae; stores starches, lipids, and proteins | leucoplast |
| found inside chloroplasts, made of stakes of thylakoids, which contain the green pigment chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis | granum |
| found in plants, fungi, algae, and bacteria; provides strength and rigidity to the cell, contains pores so that material can pass through it | cell wall |
| found in most plants; stores waters, salts, sugars, and proteins; maintains turgor pressure - the water pressure inside the central vacuole that keeps the cell rigid | central vacuole |
| "control center" of the cell; controls actions of the cell and contains its genetic material | nucleus |
| contains RNA and proteins; area of the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled | nucleolus |
| a protective coating found outside the cell walls of many bacteria | capsule |
| a thick fluid inside the cells that contains the organelles | cytoplasm/cytosol |
| the structure within cells that helps define their shape, maintains internal organization and aids in division and movement | cytoskeleton |
| a nonpigmented cellular organelle found in plant cells whose functions include strong starches, lipids, and proteins | leucoplast |
Created by:
Emmalyn Cruse
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