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BIOLOGY UNIT1 V2
TEST #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The broadest level of biological organization is the: | Biosphere |
| A scientific hypothesis must be: | Testable and falsifiable |
| Which of the following best describes homeostasis? | Maintaining stable internal conditions |
| Which reasoning moves from specific observations → general principles? | Inductive |
| Artificial selection is best demonstrated by: | Human‑directed breeding |
| T/F -- Scientific theories can change with new evidence | True |
| T/F -- Evolution refers to changes in populations over time | True |
| List the steps of the scientific method | Observation → Question → Hypothesis → Prediction → Experiment → Conclusion |
| Define evolutionary fitness | is an organism’s ability to survive AND produce offspring. It’s not just survival — it’s survival plus successful reproduction. |
| Explain why H. pylori changed our understanding of ulcers | Ulcers were once thought to be caused by stress and spicy food, but the discovery of Helicobacter pylori showed that most ulcers are caused by bacterial infection. This changed treatment from antacids to antibiotics, revolutionizing ulcer care. |
| All matter is composed of: | Atoms |
| The atomic number equals the number of: | Protons |
| A bond formed when electrons are transferred is: | Ionic |
| Water’s polarity is due to: | Oxygen’s high electronegativity |
| Which property allows insects to walk on water? | Cohesion |
| T/F -- Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds | True |
| T/F -- Ice floats because solid water is less dense than liquid water | True |
| Define isotope | is an atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons. |
| Explain why Carbon‑14 cannot date dinosaur fossils | Dinosaur fossils are far older than Carbon‑14’s ~6,000‑year half‑life, so all C‑14 has decayed. |
| Describe high specific heat and why it matters biologically. | Water absorbs and releases heat slowly, helping stabilize body and environmental temperatures. |
| Organic molecules must contain: | Carbon and hydrogen |
| The monomers of carbohydrates are: | Monosaccharides |
| The process that builds polymers is: | Dehydration synthesis |
| The storage polysaccharide in plants is: | Starch |
| Which is NOT a protein function? | Short‑term energy |
| T/F -- Steroid hormones are lipids. | True |
| T/F -- Proteins have three levels of structure. | False |
| Explain why lipids do NOT follow a monomer‑polymer pattern. | Lipids are built from fatty acids and glycerol, not repeating identical monomers. |
| Name the three disaccharides and their component sugars. | Sucrose: glucose + fructose Lactose: glucose + galactose Maltose: glucose + glucose |
| Describe the biological importance of cellulose. | Cellulose provides structural support in plants and acts as dietary fiber in humans. |
| The organelle that produces ATP is the: | Mitochondria |
| Bacteria adhere to surfaces using: | Pili |
| The nucleus is surrounded by the: | Nuclear envelope |
| All eukaryotes contain: | Membrane‑bound organelles |
| The cytoskeleton is responsible for: | Cell shape and movement |
| T/F -- Most bacteria have a cell wall | True |
| T/F -- Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails | True |
| T/F -- Peroxisomes convert hydrogen peroxide into water | True |
| Compare prokaryotic vs eukaryotic ribosomes | Prokaryotes have 70S ribosomes; eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes. |
| Describe the function of the rough ER. | The rough ER synthesizes proteins using ribosomes attached to its surface. |
| Explain why lysosomes are essential for cell health. | Lysosomes break down worn‑out cell parts and prevent buildup of harmful waste |
| Which macromolecule stores hereditary information? | DNA |
| Which level of organization includes multiple populations? | Community |
| Which bond is responsible for water’s unique properties? | Hydrogen |
| Which organelle is found in prokaryotes AND eukaryotes? | Ribosomes |
| T/F -- Evolution acts on populations, not individuals | True |
| T/F -- Water is an excellent solvent because it is not polar | False |
| Explain how structure relates to function in biological systems. | Biological structures are shaped to perform specific functions (e.g., mitochondria’s folded membranes increase ATP production). |
| Describe how natural selection leads to adaptation | Individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce, causing those traits to become more common. |
| Explain why carbon is the backbone of life. | Carbon forms four stable covalent bonds, allowing complex, diverse organic molecules. |
Created by:
jsminnie118
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