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FS-Basic Chemistry
HUM-FS-4: Basic Chemistry of Food Science Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Atom | The smallest unit of an element that keeps that element’s properties. |
| Nucleus | The center of an atom, containing protons and neutrons. |
| Proton | A positively charged particle located in an atom’s nucleus. |
| Neutron | A particle with no electrical charge located in an atom’s nucleus. |
| Electron | A negatively charged particle that moves around an atom’s nucleus. |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in an atom. |
| Element | A pure substance made of only one type of atom. |
| Chemical Symbol | A one- or two-letter abbreviation representing an element. |
| Periodic Table | A chart that organizes all known elements according to their properties. |
| Substance | Matter with a definite and uniform composition. |
| Compound | A substance formed when two or more different elements chemically combine. |
| Molecule | Two or more atoms chemically bonded together. |
| Mixture | Two or more substances physically combined but not chemically bonded. |
| Homogeneous Mixture | A mixture that has the same composition throughout. |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | A mixture in which the different parts can be seen or distinguished |
| Ion | An atom or group of atoms with an electrical charge caused by gaining or losing electrons |
| Ionic Bond | A bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. |
| Covalent Bond | A bond formed when atoms share electrons. |
| Chemical Formula | Symbols and numbers showing the elements and their proportions in a compound. |
| Reactant | A starting substance in a chemical reaction. |
| Product | A substance produced by a chemical reaction. |
| Chemical Equation | A written representation of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas. |
| Coefficient | A number placed before a chemical formula to show the number of molecules or units |
| Balanced Chemical Equation | An equation with the same number of each type of atom on both sides. |
| Organic Compound | A carbon-based compound generally associated with living organisms and food nutrients. |
| Inorganic Compound | A compound generally not built from carbon-hydrogen structures. |
| Carbohydrate | An organic nutrient that includes sugars, starches, and fiber and supplies energy. |
| Lipid | An organic compound that includes fats and oils and stores concentrated energy. |
| Protein | An organic nutrient made of amino acids that supports growth and tissue repair. |
| Vitamin | An organic compound needed in small amounts for normal body functions. |
| Mineral | An inorganic nutrient needed for body structure and regulation. |
| Hydrocarbon | An organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. |
| Alcohol | An organic compound containing a hydroxyl group, written as –OH. |
| Aldehyde | An organic compound containing a terminal carbonyl group, often associated with aromas. |
| Ketone | An organic compound containing a carbonyl group within its carbon chain. |
| Carboxylic Acid | An organic acid containing a carboxyl group, written as –COOH. |
| Amine | An organic compound containing nitrogen, often derived from ammonia. |
| Physical Change | A change in size, shape, or state that does not create a new substance. |
| Chemical Change | A change that produces one or more new substances with different properties. |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
dmiller7
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