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BIO Exam 1 (BIOCHEM)
FAHHHH WERE COOKED!!!!!!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Essential elements of life (CHONPS) | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur |
| Trace elements (ZIIMC) | Zinc, Iron, Iodine, Melatonin, Copper |
| Hydrogen bond | Weak chemical attraction between atoms of two different charges (+ -) |
| Covalent bond | Strong bond in which electrons are shared |
| Ionic bond | Transfer of electrons between atoms |
| -CooH | Carboxyl group |
| -OH | Hydroxyl group |
| NH3 | Amino group |
| -CH3 | Methyl group |
| The 4 Major macromolecules are... | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| Carbohydrates' building blocks | Monosaccharides |
| Lipids' building blocks | Glycerol & fatty acids |
| Nucleic acids' building blocks | Nucleotides |
| Proteins' building blocks | Amino acids |
| What is the function of starch/where is it usually found? | Made of glucose, energy storage for plants |
| What is the function of glycogen/where is it usually found? | Energy storage for animals |
| What is the function of cellulose/where is it usually found? | Provides structure in plant cell walls |
| What is a fat/triglyceride made of? | Glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acids |
| Dehydration synthesis | 2 smaller molecules remove water to join together |
| Hydrolysis | 1 larger molecule breaks apart by the addition of water |
| What are steroids made of ? | Lipids |
| What are protein hormones made of and where in the cell can they be found? | Made of amino acids, found in the cell membrane |
| What is the significance of cholesterol in the formation of steroids? | cholesterol is the building block of steroids |
| Saturated fats | No carbon double bonds, solid at room temp (no kinks in the chain) |
| Unsaturated fats | 1 or more carbon double bonds, liquid at room temp (kinks in the chain) |
| -SH | Sulfhydryl-- stabilized protein structures |
| -PO4 | Phosphate--joins with sugar molecules to create the backbones of nucleic acids |
| Oxidation | Molecule loses electrons in a reaction |
| Reduction | Molecule gains electrons in a reaction |
| What bond joins carbohydrates to another molecule group? | Glycosidic linkage |
| What bond joins amino acids to each other? | Peptide bond |
| What bond joins nucleotides together to form DNA? | Phosphodiester linkage |
| Sterol | Steroids that contain a 4-ring carbon structure |
| NH₂CH₂COOH | Glycine |
| CH₃-CH(NH₂)-COOH | Alanine |
| (SCH₂CH(NH₂)CO₂H)₂ | Cysteine |
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