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unit 2 micr-2050
Clemson University Abercrombie
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| symbiotic | organisms live in close nutritional relationships; required by one or both members. |
| nonsymbiotic | organisms are free-living; relationships not required for survival. |
| mutualism | both members benefit in symbiotic relationship |
| commensalism | the commensal benefits; other member not harmed in symbiotic relationship |
| parasitism | parasite in dependent and benefits; host harmed in symbiotic relationship |
| synergism | members cooperate and share nutrients in nonsymbiotic relationship |
| antagonism | some members are inhibited or destroyed by others in nonsymbiotic relationship |
| normal microbiota | microbes that normally live on the skin, alimentary tract, and other sites |
| binary fission | asexual reproduction process for bacteria |
| generation time or doubling time | the amount of time it takes for a population to double |
| binary fission process | chromosomes replicated and moved to opposite poles -> protein forms in center -> septum forms -> divide |
| result of binary fission | two identical organisms |
| valuable cell count | counts only living or growing cells |
| bacterial growth curve | - lag phase - exponential growth - stationary phase -death phase |
| Lag phase | - no growth or reproduction - copying genetics -building septum |
| exponential phase | - binary fission - slope=growth rate - most vulnerable to |
| stationary | - no reproduction or death - all nutrients used up - waste buildup |
| bacteria scatter light | - spectrophotometer -transmittance -absorbance |
| cytometer | count total cells both dead or alive are counted |
| coulter counter | counts all cells |
| flow cytometer | can sort cells by large/small or dead/alive, requires tagging |
| enzymes | biological catalysts, almost always proteins |
| active sit/substrate | specific shape to fit enzyme |
| cofactors | bind with enzymes to form shape |
| exoenzymes | on the outside of cells |
| endoenzymes | inside the cell |
| constitutive enzymes | produced continuously, regardless of cell condition or environment. involved in essential cellular functions required for survival |
| regulated | produced or activated only when needed controlled by environmental signals or cellular demands |
| release | catabolism results in energy _____ |
| biosynthesis, uses | anabolism results in ______ and _____energy |
| competitive inhibition | inhibitor competes with substrate for active site |
| non competitive inhibitions | the inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site which changes the enzymes shape |
| Use catabolism to... | - release energy capture electrons -liberate building blocks |
| drive anabolism by... | -spending energy -using electrons -using building blocks |
| NAD | electron carriers |
| oxidation | losing electrons |
| reduction | gaining electrons |
| phosphate bonds | energy is stored in the _____ in ATP |
Created by:
Philipdshay
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