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Biol Exam 1 Review

Biology Lecture Review for Exam 1.

QuestionAnswer
What are the most important elements of life? Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, & Phosphorus.
What are the trace elements? Iron, zinc, copper, iodine, maganese.
Whats an atom? Basic building block for all matter.
Whats an element? Pure substance consisting of one atom.
Whats a compound? 2 or more elements.
Whats a molecule? 2 or more atoms bonded together.
What are the subatomic particles? Proton, neutron, electron.
Proton characteristics positive charge, 1 amu.
Neutron characteristics No charge, 1 amu.
Electron characteristics Negative charge, 0 amu.
Whats an isotope? Same atomic number, but different atomic mass.
Whats atomic mass? Same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
Hydrogen Bond Weak chemical attraction between a slightly positive atom & slightly negative atom.
Covalent Bond Atoms share electrons. EX: H-O-H
Ionic Bond Atoms transfer electrons. EX: NaCl. (Na= -1 electron, Cl= +1 electron)
Van Der Waals Temporary attractions caused by shifting electrons.
What is Polarity? Unequal sharing/ distribution of electrons.
Polar ex. Water
Nonpolar ex. Oxygen
What makes water special? Polarity, hydrogen bonding & being an ageous solution. Has a high specific heat, & cohesion.
Whats cohesion? Water sticking to water.
Whats adhesion? Water sticks to other surfaces.
Whats the basic concepts of DNA, RNA, & Protiens? DNA--> RNA--> Protien. DNA stores, RNA copies, & Protien builds.
DNA A-T and C-G
RNA A-U and C-G
Whats the pH of blood? Slightly basic, 7.35-7.45
Whats a buffer? A solution that helps maintin the pH level at it's current range
What is Sodium Bicarbonate? Buffer for blood & helps balance acids & bases.
-CooH Carboxylic Acid
-OH Hydroxyl
NH3 Amino
-CH3 Methyl
C=O Ketone & Aldehye (Except Ketone has 2 R's while Aldehye has an R & H)
What are the 4 major macromolecules? Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acid, Protiens.
What are carbohydrates building blocks? Monosaccaride
What are lipids building blocks? Glycerol & fatty acids (Not a polymer)
What are nucleic acid building blocks? Nucleotides
What are protiens building blocks? Amino Acids
Whats a polymer? Repeating monomer
Whats starch? Made of glucose, found in plants, energy storage for plants.
Whats glycogen? Found in animals, energy storage for animals.
Whats cellulose? In plant cell walls, structure/ support.
Whats fat/ triglyceride? long term energy storage, 1 glycerol & 3 fatty acids.
Condensation by dehydration synthesis 2 small molecules that join together to form larger molecules by removing water. --> (Monomer + Monomer) --> Polymer + H2O
Degradation by hydrolysis Breaking down 1 large molecule by adding water. (Polymer + H2O) --> Monomer + Monomer
Steroid Hormone Made from lipids, fat soluble, located inside the cell, slower long- lasting.
Protein Hormone Made from amino acids, water soluble, located on the cell membrane.
What significance does cholesterol have in the genesis of steroids? Cholesterol is the starting point/ material used to make steroid hormone.
Whats a saturated fat? Solid at room temp, no doublebonds. Ex: Butter
Whats unsaturated fat Liquid at room temp, 1 or more doublebonds. Ex: Olive oil
Charles Darwin Theory Organisms change over time through a process caleed natural selection. AKA survival & reproduction of the best adapted.
Plant Kingdom Autotrophic, uses photosynthesis, has chloroplasts, has cell walls, starch, large vacuole. And cell membrane.
Animal Kingdom Heterotrophic, no chloroplasts, no cell wall, glycogen, small vacuole. And a cell membrane
Created by: Megan Nguyen
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