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Obj. 3.01 Fash Vocab
Obj. 3.01 Fashion and Textiles. Vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abrasion resistance: | a worn spot that can develop when fibers rub against something. |
| Absorbency: | The ability of a fabric to take in moisture. |
| Apparel: | Clothing, dress, garments, or attire that people wear. |
| Bias: | Any direction in fabric that is diagonal to the lengthwise and crosswise grains; true bias is at 45 degrees to the grain. There is some natural stretch in the bias direction, with the most stretch on the true bias |
| Cellulosic: | A type of fiber derived from plant-based cellulose, commonly used in textiles such as cotton and linen. |
| Colorfast: | The ability of a fabric to maintain its color and resist fading when exposed to water/washing, sun, light, atmosphere, or other environmental conditions. |
| Courses: | Yarns that run in the crosswise direction, like the weft yarns in woven fabrics. |
| Drape: | The way a fabric hangs or falls under its own weight. |
| Durable: | The ability of a fabric to resist wear through continual use. |
| Elasticity: | The ability to increase in length when under tension (elongation) and then return to the original length when released (recovery). |
| Fabric: | Cloth or other material produced by weaving or knitting fibers. |
| Fiber: | A fine, hair-like structure that can be spun into yarn and made into textile products. |
| Filaments: | Longer, continuous lengths, measured in yards or meters. |
| Finishing: | The final treatment or process applied to textiles to improve their appearance, performance, or feel, such as dyeing, printing, or coating. |
| Fossil Fuels: | A generic term that is used for non-renewable fuels such as coal and its byproducts, natural and derived gas, crude oil, and petroleum materials. Some synthetic fibers are made from fossil fuels. |
| Grain: | The direction of the yarn in the fabric. There is a lengthwise grain (warp) and a crosswise grain (weft). A fabric is “on grain” if the warp and the weft are at a 90-degree angle to each other. |
| Greige Goods: | An unfinished fabric, just removed from a knitting machine or a loom, but that has received no finishing. (Pronounced “gray goods.”) |
| Hand: | The way the fabric feels when it is touched. Terms like softness, crispness, dryness, and silkiness are all terms that describe the hand of the fabric. A good hand refers to shape retention without stiffness. |
| Knit: | The process of pulling loops of yarn through other loops to create interlocking rows of stitches. |
| Manufactured fiber: | Man-made by combining molecules of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon into staple or filament fibers. Examples include rayon, acetate, nylon, olefin, polyester, spandex, and lyocell. |
| Natural dyes: | Dyes that are made from mineral, vegetable (plant), or animal sources; otherwise obtained from natural sources. Examples include indigo, dandelion, onion, and marigold. |
| Natural fiber: | A classification of various fibers directly from animal, mineral, or plant (cellulose) sources. |
| Non woven fabrics: | Fabrics made from fibers, not yarns. The fibers are held together by a combination of moisture, heat, chemicals, and/or pressure. |
| Piece dye: | Dyeing of the fabric into solid colors after weaving or knitting. |
| Pile: | The raised surface or nap of a fabric, which is made of upright loops or strands of yarn. |
| Piling: | A tangled ball of fibers that appears on the surface of a fabric as a result of wear, abrasion, or continued friction or rubbing on the surface of the fabric. |
| Plain weave: | The simplest weave in which the weft (crosswise) yarn is passed over then under each warp (lengthwise) yarn. |
| Polymer fiber: | A subset of artificial fibers that are based on synthetic chemicals rather than from natural materials by a purely physical process. |
| Protein: | Comes from animal sources—wool (sheep), silk (worms), angora, cashmere, and mohair. |
| Protein fiber: | Natural fibers that are formed by animal sources. It includes, but is not limited to, wool, cashmere, alpaca, and silk. |
| Resiliency: | The ability of a fabric to spring back to its original shape after being twisted, crushed, wrinkled, or distorted in any way |
| Satin weave: | A weak weave that produces a smooth, shiny-surfaced fabric. |
| Seamless knitting: | Involves the production of a whole garment in one piece on a knitting machine, so little to no sewing is required. |
| Selvage: | The thin, compressed edge of a woven fabric that runs parallel to the warp yarns and prevents raveling. |
| Semi-synthetic: | Fibers derived from a naturally occurring fiber through a chemical process. |
| Staple: | Short lengths of fibers, approximately 1½ to 8 inches long. |
| Strength: | Ability to withstand tension or pulling. |
| Synthetic: | Fibers made through chemical processes. |
| Textile: | Any cloth or goods produced by weaving, knitting, or felting. Comes from the Latin word texere, which means “to weave.” |
| Twill weave: | A very strong weave in which the weft yarn is passed over and under one, two, or three warp yarns. This weave produces a diagonal design on the surface, such as denim. |
| Warmth: | Ability of a fiber to maintain the body heat of the wearer. |
| Warp: | In all woven fabrics, this is the set of yarns running lengthwise—the machine direction—parallel to the selvage and interwoven with the filling. It is the set of yarns wound together on a beam for the purpose of weaving or warp knitting. |
| Warp knit: | A knit made with several yarns on flat knitting machines. Multiple yarns are looped together to produce a run-resistant knitted fabric. |
| Weave: | The process of interlacing one or more sets of yarns at right angles on a loom. |
| Weft: | In woven fabric, the filling yarns that run perpendicular to the warp yarns (right to left—sounds like “weft”). |
| Weft knit: | A knit made with only one yarn. |
| Wicking: | Ability to draw moisture away from your skin and move it to the outer surface, where it can evaporate quickly. |
| Wales: | Yarns that run in the lengthwise direction, like a warp yarn in woven fabrics. |
| Woven fabric: | Fabric formed by weaving. |
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