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Ultimate BIO stack 5
Transport Mechanism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Selectively permeable, that surrounds all living cells and separates their internal cytoplasm from the outside environment | Plasma Membrane |
| In 1972, Garth L. Nicolson proposed the | Fluid Mosaic Model |
| In 1935, Hugh Davson and James Danielli theorize that the | structure of plasma membrane resembles a sandwich |
| Parts of the membrane: Main fabric of the membrane. It is Amphipathic | Phospholipid |
| Parts of the membrane: Cell insulation | Cholesterol |
| Parts of the membrane: Transport of substances through membrane and cell recognition | Protein |
| Parts of the membrane: Cell recognition | Carbohydrates |
| Composed of 3 carbon glycerol backbone with two fatty acid molecules attached to carbon 1 and 2, and a phosphate containing group attached to the third carbon | Phospholipid |
| Refer to the various ways by which different substances can be allowed to enter the cell | Cell Transport Mechanism |
| Refers to the substance that needs to be dissolved, catalyzed or broken down in order to be utilized by the cell | Solute (solid) |
| Refers to the substance that will dissolve the solute such as water which is the versatile solvent | Solvent (liquid) |
| Refers to how solute particles will move through a gas or solution from an area with a higher number of particles to one with a lower number of particles while being separated by a membrane | Concentration Gradient |
| Movement of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment | Passive Transport |
| In passive transport, Happens when particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration | Diffusion |
| The diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane. The diffusion of solvent from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration | Osmosis |
| The ability of the surrounding solution to cause a cell to loss or gain water | Tonicity |
| Same solute concentration, Water moves in and out equally, Cell stays about the same | Isotonic |
| Lower solute concentration, Water moves into cell, cell swells | Hypotonic |
| Higher solute concentration, Water moves out of cell, cell shrinks | Hypertonic |
| is the movement of substances across the cell membrane using energy (ATP). | Active Transport |
| the transport protein directly gets energy from ATP to move substances across the membrane. Think of it as a machine with its own battery. | PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT |
| does NOT directly use ATP at the transport protein. Instead, it uses the energy stored in a concentration gradient that was created using ATP earlier. | SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT |
| Sometimes substances are too large or too numerous to pass through a membrane protein. | BULK/VESICULAR TRANSPORT |
| is basically a small membrane bubble that carries materials. (vacuole's bestie)v | vesicle |
| The cell membrane wraps around something and brings it INTO the cell. | ENDOCYTOSIS |
| Name the 3 major forms of Endocytosis: | Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| "Cell eating" | Phagocytosis |
| "Cell drinking“ | Pinocytosis |
| "Cell VIP check in" | Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| A vesicle inside the cell moves toward the cell membrane, fuses with it, and releases its contents outside. (EXITS) | EXOCYTOSIS |
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