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Ultimate BIO stack 2
Cell Theory, The Cell
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 100 trillion make up a human body | Cell |
| 7.5 micrometer cell | RBC (red blood cell) |
| 120 micrometer cell | Ovum |
| the study of the structure and functions of cells. | Cytology |
| Coined the word Cell in Biology, He thought that cells only existed in plants and fungi | Robert Hooke |
| Used a handmade microscope to observe pond scum & discovered single-celled organisms. Father of Microbiology | Anton van Leeuwenhoek |
| A botanist who concluded that all plants are made of cells. Co-founded Cell theory | Matthias Schleiden |
| A zoologist who concluded that all animals are made of cells. | Theodor Schwann |
| after extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells. | Rudolph Virchow |
| The COMBINED work of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow make up: | Cell Theory |
| 1. All organisms are composed of: | one or more cells |
| 2. The cell is the___ in all living things. | basic unit of life |
| 3. All cells are produced by the division of | pre-existing cells. |
| This cell lacks a membrane bound nucleus | Prokaryotic Cells |
| This cell has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles | Eukaryotic Cells |
| A ___is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. | microscope |
| is a thin, dynamic membrane that encloses the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell. Primarily consists of a Phospholipid Bilayer. | THE CELL (PLASMA) MEMBRANE |
| Is a gel-like matrix of water, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, and gases and contains cell structures (organelles). | CYTOPLASM |
| Fluid around the organelles called | cytosol. |
| "little organs" They perform a specific function inside a cell. Only in eukaryotic cells. | Organelle |
| "control center", Holds the DNA. | Nucleus |
| Makes and Assembles Ribosomes | Nucleuolus |
| Synthesizes proteins, assemble amino acids into proteins. | Ribosomes |
| Protein production; in particular for export out of the cell | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) |
| Lipid production; Detoxification | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) |
| Protein modification and export | Golgi apparatus |
| Lipid Destruction; contains oxidative enzymes | Peroxisome |
| Protein and old organelle destruction, clean-up crew | Lysosome |
| Energy production, produces ATP | Mitochondrion |
| Only found in plants, double membrane organelles responsible for manufacturing and storing essential food and chemical compounds. Produce sugars by photosynthesis | Plastids/CHLOROPLASTS |
| a rigid layer of a Plant Cell's plasma membrane. it consists mainly of cellulose. | Cell wall |
| used as storage for plants | Large Central Vacuoles |
| are plastids that make and store pigments other than chlorophylls. | CHLOROPLASTS |
| for framework in cell structure, Contains small microfilaments and larger microtubules. | Cytoskeleton |
| hairlike, may cover entire cell | Cilia |
| whiplike, few and longer. for locomotion for single-celled organisms | Flagella |
| used as storage | Vacuoles |
| Are long, hollow cylinders that consist of subunits of the protein tubuli. They form a dynamic scaffolding for many cellular processes, rapidly assembling when they are needed, disassembling when they are not. | MICROTUBULE |
| It connect plasma membrane proteins to other proteins inside the cell. | MICROFILAMENTS |
| Are fibers that consists primarily of subunits of a protein | Actin |
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