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3.01 F&T Vocab.
| Term | |
|---|---|
| Abrasion Resistance | The ability of a fabric to resist wearing away when fibers rub against another surface. |
| Absorbency | The ability of a fabric or fiber to take in moisture, such as water or perspiration. |
| Apparel | Clothing, garments, or other items that people wear. |
| Bias | A diagonal direction across fabric. True bias is at a 45° angle to the lengthwise and crosswise grain and has the most stretch. |
| Cellulosic | A type of fiber made from cellulose, a plant-based material. Examples include cotton and linen. |
| Colorfast | The ability of a fabric to keep its color and resist fading from washing, sunlight, or other conditions. |
| Courses | Yarns that run across a knitted fabric in the crosswise direction, similar to weft yarns in woven fabric. |
| Drape | The way a fabric hangs or falls because of its own weight. |
| Durable | The ability of a fabric to resist wear and last through continued use. |
| Elasticity | The ability of a fiber or fabric to stretch when pulled and return to its original length when released. |
| Fabric | Cloth or material made by weaving, knitting, or other textile processes. |
| Fiber | A fine, hair-like material that can be spun into yarn and used to make textiles. |
| Filaments | Long, continuous fibers that can be measured in yards or meters. |
| Finishing | The final treatment given to a textile to improve its appearance, feel, or performance. |
| Fossil Fuels | Nonrenewable fuels such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum. Some synthetic fibers are made from fossil fuels. |
| Grain | The direction of yarns in fabric. Woven fabric has a lengthwise grain (warp) and crosswise grain (weft). |
| Greige Goods | Fabric that has just been woven or knitted but has not yet been dyed or finished. Pronounced “gray goods.” |
| Hand | The way a fabric feels when you touch it, such as soft, crisp, dry, or silky. |
| Knit | The process of pulling loops of yarn through other loops to make rows of connected stitches. |
| Manufactured Fiber | A man-made fiber produced through chemical processes. Examples include rayon, nylon, polyester, spandex, and lyocell. |
| Natural Dyes | Dyes made from natural sources such as plants, animals, or minerals. |
| Natural Fiber | A fiber that comes directly from a natural source, such as a plant, animal, or mineral. |
| Nonwoven Fabrics | Fabrics made directly from fibers rather than yarns. Heat, moisture, chemicals, or pressure may hold the fibers together. |
| Piece Dye | The process of dyeing fabric after it has been woven or knitted, usually into one solid color. |
| Pile | A raised surface made from loops or strands of yarn, such as on velvet or corduroy. |
| Pilling | Small tangled balls of fiber that form on the surface of fabric because of wear and rubbing. |
| Plain Weave | The simplest weave. The weft yarn goes over and under each warp yarn. |
| Polymer Fiber | A man-made fiber made from long chains of chemical molecules called polymers. |
| Protein | A natural material found in animal-based fibers such as wool, silk, cashmere, angora, and mohair. |
| Protein Fiber | A natural fiber that comes from an animal source, such as wool, cashmere, alpaca, or silk. |
| Resiliency | The ability of a fabric to return to its original shape after being wrinkled, crushed, twisted, or stretched. |
| Satin Weave | A weave that creates a smooth, shiny surface. It is generally weaker than plain or twill weave. |
| Seamless Knitting | Making an entire garment in one piece on a knitting machine, requiring little or no sewing. |
| Selvage | The finished edge of woven fabric that runs parallel to the warp and helps prevent the fabric from unraveling. |
| Staple | Short lengths of fiber, usually about 1½ to 8 inches long. |
| Strength | The ability of a fiber or fabric to withstand pulling or tension without breaking. |
| Synthetic | A fiber made by humans through chemical processes rather than directly from a natural source. |
| Textile | Cloth or other material made by weaving, knitting, or felting. The word comes from the Latin texere, meaning “to weave.” |
| Twill Weave | A strong weave that creates a diagonal pattern on the surface, such as denim. |
| Warmth | The ability of a fiber or fabric to help keep the wearer’s body heat. |
| Warp | The yarns that run lengthwise through a woven fabric, parallel to the selvage. |
| Warp Knit | A type of knitting that uses several yarns running lengthwise to make a stable, run-resistant fabric. |
| Weave | The process of crossing yarns over and under each other at right angles on a loom. |
| Weft | The yarns that run across a woven fabric, from side to side, perpendicular to the warp. |
| Weft Knit | A type of knitting made with one yarn that forms loops across the fabric. |
| Wicking | The ability of a fabric to pull moisture away from the skin and move it to the outside where it can evaporate. |
| Wales | Yarns or columns of stitches that run lengthwise in a knitted fabric, similar to warp yarns in woven fabric. |
| Woven Fabric | Fabric made by interlacing yarns in lengthwise and crosswise directions. |
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