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Bio Ch 1.1 Voc

Biology Chapter 1.1 Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Organism A living thing that maintains an internal order that is separated from the environment.
cell theory A theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, cells are the smallest units of living organisms, and new cells come from pre-existing cells by cell division.
cellular respiration A process by which living cells obtain energy from organic molecules and release waste products.
Metabolism The sum total of all chemical reactions that occur within a cell or an organism. Also, a specific set of chemical reactions occurring at the cellular level.
Photosynthesis The process whereby light energy is captured by plant, algal, or bacterial cells and is used to synthesize organic molecules from CO2 and H2O (or H2S).
Homeostasis The process whereby living organisms regulate their cells and bodies to maintain relatively stable internal conditions.
Reproduce The process of making offspring; cells also reproduce via cell division.
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) One of two classes of nucleic acids; the other is ribonucleic acid (RNA). A DNA molecule consists of two strands of nucleotides coiled around each other to form a double helix, held together by hydrogen bonds according to the AT/GC rule.
Heritable A characteristic that can be passed from cell to cell or from parent to offspring.
Gene A unit of heredity that contributes to the characteristics or traits of an organism. At the molecular level, a gene is composed of organized sequences of DNA that produce a functional product, either an RNA molecule or a protein.
ribonucleic acid (RNA) One of two classes of nucleic acids; the other is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). RNA consists of a single strand of nucleotides.
Polypeptide A linear sequence of amino acids; the term denotes structure.
Protein A macromolecule composed of one or more polypeptides. Each polypeptide is composed of a linear sequence of amino acids.
Genome The complete genetic composition of a cell or a species.
biological evolution/evolution The heritable changes that populations of organisms undergo from one generation to the next.
emergent properties Characteristics that arise as the result of complex interactions.
scientific model In biology, a conceptual, mathematical, or physical depiction of a real-world phenomenon.
Atom The smallest functional unit of matter that forms all chemical substances and cannot be further broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical or physical means.
Molecule Two or more atoms that are connected by covalent bonds.
Macromolecule A polymer formed of many molecules bonded together. Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids (for example, DNA and RNA) are important macromolecules found in living organisms.
Cell The simplest unit of a living organism.
Tissue The association of many cells of the same type, for example, muscle tissue.
Organ Two or more types of tissue combined to perform a common function.
Organ System organs are typically a part of a larger, interacting system.
Organism A living thing that maintains an internal order that is separated from the environment.
Species A group of related organisms that share a distinctive form in nature and (for sexually reproducing species) are capable of interbreeding.
Population A group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same environment and can interbreed with one another.
Community An assemblage of populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time.
Ecosystem The biotic community of organisms in an area as well as the abiotic environment affecting that community.
Biosphere The regions on the surface of Earth and in the atmosphere where living organisms exist.
Created by: ulmbio
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