Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Gene Expression
Protein synthesis + Gene expression
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anticodon | Three consecutive bases on the tRNA |
| Codon | Three consecutive bases on the mRNA |
| Deletion Mutation | A mutation on the DNA where a base(s) is removed, resulting in a frameshift. |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid, double stranded, helix shaped large molecule. A&T, G&C |
| Enzyme | A folded protein which acts as a biological catalyst to speed up the rate of chemical reactions inn an organism. |
| Frameshift | Change in bases that the ribosome reads |
| Gene | A segment of DNA that codes for a protein/feature |
| Gene expression | The process where the instructions on our DNA are converted into a functional protein, includes transcription, translation and protein folding. |
| Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism for a feature |
| Insertion Mutation | A mutation on the DNA where a base(s) is added resulting in a frameshift |
| Metabolic pathway | A series of enzyme-controlled reactions where the product of a reaction is used as a substrate in the next. |
| Missense Mutation | A change of the base on the DNA which codes for a different amino acid. This may or may not alter the shape of the protein and therefore it's function. |
| mRNA | Messenger RNA. Made during transcription in the nucleus. Carries the instructions to the ribosome to make a polypeptide chain. Contains codons. |
| Mutagen | The environmental factor that causes mutations. (X-rays, radiation, alcohol) |
| Mutation | A permanent and random change in the base sequence of the DNA |
| Non-sense Mutation | A change of the base on the DNA which changes the instructions, so a STOP codon occurs in the wrong place. Protein shape and function is greatly effected. |
| Peptide Bond | The bond formed between two amino acids during translation. |
| Phenotype | The physical expression of a feature |
| Point Mutation | A change of only one or a few bases on the DNA |
| Protein | A substance made up of many amino acids joined together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain, which gets folded into a functional protein (enzymes are a type of protein). |
| Redundancy | The fact that multiple codons code for more than one amino acid (eg CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG all code for Pro) |
| Ribosome (rRNA) | A cell organelle consisting of RNA. They bind mRNA and tRNA to synthesise polypeptides and proteins |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid, Three types: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, single stranded and shorter than DNA. Sugar is ribose. A&U, G&C. |
| Same-sense Mutation | A change on the base of the DNA where the bases still code for the same amino acid. This is due to the Redundancy of the genetic code. |
| Silent Mutation | A mutation that is neither favourable nor harmful, that remains in a population. |
| Start Codon | The start codon signals on the mRNA which initiates translation, always AUG. |
| Stop Codon | These 3 codons on the mRNA (UAA, UAG, UGA) do not code for an amino acid therefore telling the ribosome where to stop translation. |
| Substitution Mutation | A mutation where the base(s) on the DNA are swapped. |
| Transcription | The process by which DNA going to mRNA, occurs in the nucleus. Controlled by RNA polymerase. |
| Translation | The process by which mRNA going to polypeptide chain, occurs in the cytoplasm on the ribosome |
| Triplet | Three consecutive bases on the DNA. |
| Transfer RNA | Carries an amino acid to the ribosome. 3 bases on the tRNA = an anticodon |
Created by:
Mackenzie.
Popular Biology sets