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Evidence for evolutn

Unit 3&4 VCE Biology

TermDefinition
phylogenetic trees diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent (common ancestors) of different species
stratigraphy relative dating technique which involves analysing strata (layers) of rock to determine relative age of fossils
amino acid sequence analysis amino acid sequences of proteins of different species are compared to determine how closely related they are
absolute dating determining exact age of an object, for example using radiometric dating
molecular homology the similarity of patterns in the nucleotide sequences of DNA or amino acid sequences of polypeptides as evidence for a common evolutionary origin
structural morphology / comparative anatomy structures of different species are compared to determine how closely related they are, for example vestigial organs
homologous structures similar structures, different functions - indicates they share a recent common ancestor; linked to divergent evolution
gene conservation important genes are found in a range of different species,
vestigial organs non-functional organs that are remnants of functional organs in ancestral species
relative dating determining age of an object compared to another object, for example using stratigraphy
index fossils fossils that are wide-spread, existed only for a narrow time period and are easy to identify - used as a relative dating technique
half-life time it takes for half of the parent atoms to break-down/decay into daughter products, used in radiometric dating
fossil preserved parts/product of an organism that lived in the geological past
transitional fossils fossil that shows characteristics of two different groups of organisms, an intermediate form in the evolutionary pathway between an ancestral species and its descendant species
radiometric Carbon dating method of absolute dating where amount of parent carbon radio-isotope is compared to amount of daughter nitrogen products to determine age of specimen. Carbon decays at a known rate, useful for dating specimens less than 50,000 years old
DNA sequence analysis DNA sequences of different species are compared to determine how closely related they are
Created by: BiologyBright
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