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Genetic change inpop
Unit 3&4 VCE Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| silent mutation | point mutation that does not result in a change to the amino acid being coded due to redundancy of genetic code |
| natural selection | process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring as a result of natural selection pressures |
| genetic diversity | members of a population show different variations for each phenotypic trait |
| allele frequency | number of each allele in a gene pool, between 0 & 1 |
| nonsense mutation | point mutation that results in a premature stop codon and a truncated, non-functional protein |
| block mutation | changes to segments of chromosomes, causing large changes to DNA, for example deletion of part of a chromosome |
| antigenic shift | larges differences in antigen resulting from the mixing of genes from virus of different species |
| reproductive isolation | occurs when members of a population cannot come together to interbreed, eg due to different flowering times or mating calls |
| frameshift mutation | results from insertion/deletion which causes every codon downstream of the mutation to be changed |
| mis-sense mutation | point mutation that results in a change in a single amino acid |
| gene pool | sum total of genetic information present in a population |
| founder effect | chance effects on allele frequencies when a small group of individuals leave a population and form a new population that is smaller and genetically unrepresentative of the original population |
| allopatric speciation | formation of a new species as a result of geographic isolation |
| genetic drift | random changes in allele frequency from one generation to the next, due to chance (can result in bottleneck or founder effect) |
| artificial selection | process of non-random mating, parents are chosen by the breeder, based on their particular phenotype |
| sympatric speciation | formation of a new species that does not result from geographic isolation, but instead arises from reproductive isolation (eg different flowering times) |
| antigenic drift | small differences in antigen resulting from the accumulation of a series of minor mutations in a virus |
| point mutation | changes to one base in the DNA code, such as substitution (results in either silent, mis-sense or nonsense mutations) |
| bottle neck effect | chance effects on allele frequencies in a population as a result of a major reduction in population size (due to natural disaster), and the surviving members allele frequencies are unrepresentative of the original population |
| gene flow | movement of genes into or out of a population through migration and interbreeding |
| selecting agent/selection pressure | environmental factor that acts in different ways on the various phenotypes in a population, determining which individuals survive and reproduce |
| speciation | formation of a new species, occurs when organisms can not interbreed to produce viable offspring |
| geographic isolation | occurs when members of a population are separated by a physical/geographic barrier, eg due to a changed river course |
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BiologyBright
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