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Gene expression

TermDefinition
Codon A group of three bases on an mRNA strand. Complimentary to the triplet. Codes for a particular amino acid.
Anticodon A group of three bases on a tRNA molecule. Complimentary to the codon.
Degenerate Code The genetic code is degenerate because there are many instances in which different codons code for the same amino acid
Transcription The process where one strand of DNA is used as a template to create an mRNA molecule that is an exact copy of the coding strand.
Translation The process where the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
Polypeptide Chain The primary structure of a protein. A chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
Protein Large polymer molecules made up of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. They have a huge range of structural and functional roles in the body.
RNA Ribonucleic acid. A single stranded nucleic acid made up of nucleotides (Uracil replaces thymine).
Triplet A group of three bases on a DNA strand.
Mutation A permanent change in the base sequence of DNA
Base Insertion Point mutation. A base is added to the DNA sequence. Results in a reading frame shift.
Base Deletion Point mutation. A base is removed from the DNA sequence. Results in a Reading frame shift.
Base Substitution Point mutation. One base is substituted for another. Can change the amino acid sequence of a protein OR have no effect.
Metabolic Pathway A series of chemical reactions that occur in a cell that are essential to survival.
Mutagen An agent that can induce or increase the frequency of a mutation.
Genotype An individual's collection of genes.
Phenotype The observable characteristics of an organism. (Observable = Physical and behavioural characteristics. Can be affected by the environment)
Reading Frame Shift
Gene A specific sequence of DNA found on a chromosome that codes for a protein. Determines a specific characteristic of an organism.
Enzyme A type of protein that functions as a biological catalyst.
Created by: ichbinpaper
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