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Biology - Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are Atoms? | The Smallest Unit of Matter. |
| How Many Sulfur Atoms Lined up make a Centimeter? | About One-Hundred Million. |
| What Atom do we Focus on in Biology? | The Carbon Atom. |
| What Subatomic Particles is an Atom made of? | Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons. |
| What is a Proton? | It has a Positive Charge and is found in the Center of the Nucleus. |
| What is a Neutron? | It has no Charge and is found in the Center of the Nucleus. |
| What is an Electron? | It has a Negative Charge and is found Outside of the Nucleus. |
| What is in Constant Motion and Created in Orbitals? | Electrons. |
| What does it mean for Atoms to Always be Electrically Neutral? | It means they Always have the Same Number of Protons and Electrons. |
| What is an Element? | A Pure Substance that Contains one Kind of Atom. |
| What one Kind of Atom do Elements have? | Either all Carbon Atoms or all Sulfur Atoms. |
| What keeps all Naturally Occurring Elements Organized? | The Periodic Table. |
| What Six Elements are Living Things Mostly made of? | Carbon(C), Calcium (Ca), Hydrogen(H), Oxygen(O), Nitrogen(N), and Phosphorous(P). |
| How do Atoms Interact? | They Interact with their Outer Electrons. |
| What can Atoms do with their Electrons? | They can Donate or Receive them. |
| What is it Called when Atoms Interact? | A Chemical Reaction. |
| What are Isotopes? | Atoms with the same Number of Protons, but a Different Number of Neutrons. |
| What is the Number of Protons and Neutrons Carbon Usually has? | Six Protons and Six Neutrons. |
| What is the Number of Protons and Neutrons Carbon-13 has? | Six Protons and Seven Neutrons. |
| What is the Number of Protons and Neutrons Carbon-14 has? | Six Protons and Eight Neutrons(Radioactive). |
| What do Radioactive Isotopes help Determine in Science? | They help Determine the Age of Rocks and help Detect Cancer. |
| What is a Compound? | A Substance that is formed by two or more Elements Combined in a Specific Ratio. |
| When are Ionic Bonds formed? | They are formed when Electrons are Transferred Completely between Atoms. |
| What is the Number of Electrons most Atoms need? | Eight Electrons. |
| What are Ionic Bonds also known as? | They are also known as Ions. |
| When are Covalent Bonds formed? | They are formed when Atoms share Electrons. |
| What do Covalent Bonds form? | They form Molecules. |
| When are Molecules formed? | They are formed when Atoms are Joined Together via Covalent Bond. |
| What is a Polar Covalent Bond? | An Unequal Sharing of Electrons between the Atoms of a Compound. |
| What is a Non-Polar Covalent Bond? | Equal Sharing of Electrons between the Atoms of a Compound. |
| What are Hydrogen Bonds? | Weak Interactions that Occur when the Hydrogen Atom is Attracted to Oxygen(O), Nitrogen(N), or Florine(F). |
| What are Van der Waals Forces? | Weak Interactions between Molecules that are Close Together. |
| What does Water Form? | It Forms Hydrogen Bonds. |
| Is Water Polar or Non-Polar? | It is Polar. |
| Is the Solid Form or Liquid Form of Water less Dense? | The Solid Form is. |
| In Water molecules what does the Oxygen do? | The Oxygen pulls the Electrons closer to it as Opposed to Hydrogen. |
| What Charges will Oxygen and Hydrogen have in a Water Molecule? | Oxygen will have a Partial Negative Charge and Hydrogen will have a Partial Positive Charge. |
| What is a Hydrogen Bond? | The Attraction of a Slightly Positive Hydrogen Atom to a Slightly Negative Atom(Oxygen, Nitrogen, or Fluorine). |
| What is Cohesion? | The Attraction of Water Molecules to Each Other. |
| What is Adhesion? | The Attraction of Water Molecules to the Sides of the Contain. |
| What do they Cause Together? | They Cause Surface Tension. |
| What is Capillary Action? | Cohesion and Adhesion Acting Together to Allow Water to Move Against the Force of Gravity(Up Tree Trunks and the Stems of Flowers). |
| Dies Water have a High or Low Heat Capacity. | High. |
| Why does it take Water more Energy to Boil? | The Hydrogen Bonds. |
| What Percentage of Living Things are Water? | 60%-70% Water. |
| Where do most Chemical Reactions take place in Living Things? | It takes place in Water. |
| What is a Mixture? | Two or more Elements that are not Chemically Combined and not in a Specific Ratio. |
| What is a Solution? | A Mixture in Which all the Components are Evenly Disturbed. |
| What is a Solute? | The Substance that is being Dissolved. |
| What is a Solvent? | The Substance that is doing the Dissolving. |
| What is a Suspension? | A Mixture in Which Molecules do not Dissolve, so they are able to Settle out of the Mixture. |
| What are some Examples of Suspensions? | Blood and Muddy Water. |
| What is the pH Scale used for? | It's used to Determine the Concentration of Positive Hydrogen Ions in a Solution. |
| What does it mean if something is on the Lower Side of the pH Scale? | It means the Solution is more Acidic. |
| What does it mean if something is on the Higher Side of the pH Scale? | It means the Solution is more Basic. |
| What is Acid? | A Compound that Releases Positive Hydrogen Ions into a Solution. |
| What is the pH Level Below if it's Acidic. | Below Seven. |
| What are some Examples of Acidic Things? | Lemon Juice and Vinegar. |
| What is a Base? | A Compound that Produces Negative Oxygen Hydrogen Ions in a Solution. |
| What is the pH Above if it's a Base? | Above Seven. |
| What are some Examples of a Base? | Soap and Bleach. |
| What are Buffers? | Weak Acids and Bases that resist changes in pH. |
| What is the Body Filled with that isn't Water? | Buffers. |
| What do Buffers Prevent? | It Keeps Sharp Changes from Happening. |
| What are Two Types of Buffers? | Bicarbonate Buffers and Phosphate Buffers. |
| What are Macromolecules? | Biological Molecules. |
| What Element Number is Carbon? | Number Six. |
| What Element is Essential to Life? | Carbon. |
| What Field of Chemistry is Based off Carbon? | Organic Chemistry. |
| What do all Organic Compounds Contain? | Carbon. |
| How many Valence Electrons does Carbon Contain? | Four Valence Electrons. |
| How many Atoms can Carbon form Bonds with at Once? | Four Different Atoms. |
| What can Carbon form Varieties of? | Bonds and Elements. |
| The compounds it forms have a variety of _______, and can _______ in various ways. | properties; behave. |
| What are Some Things Carbon form? | Chains, Rings, and Single, Double, and Triple Bonds. |
| What is Carbon Usually found Bonded to? | Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous. |
| What are Macromolecules? | Large Organic Molecules that are found in Living Things. |
| What does Macro mean? | It means Giant. |
| What are most Macromolecules formed by? | The are formed by Polymerization. |
| What does it mean when Macromoles are formed by Polymerization? | It means Connecting Smaller Units into Larger Molecules. |
| What are Monomers? | Smaller Units that can be Joined Together to form Polymers (Polymerization). |
| What are Polymers? | Made of Monomer Subunits. |
| How are Monomers Joined Together? | Through Dehydration Synthesis. |
| What is Dehydration Synthesis? | The Process where a Water Molecule is Removed to Create a Covalent Bond between the Monomers. |
| How are Monomers Taken Apart? | Through Hydrolysis. |
| What is the Hydrolysis? | The Process where a Water Molecule is used to Break a Covalent Bond. |
| What are the Different types of Macromolecules? | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids. |
| What do Carbohydrate Macromolecules look like? | Hexagons. |
| What do Lipid Macromoles look like? | Zig-Zag Lines. |
| What do Protein Macromolecules look like? | Rectangles with Triangular Edges. |
| What do Nucliec Acid Macromolecules look like? | Hexagons and Pentagons with Lines Sticking out. |
| What are Carbohydrates? | The Principle Source of Energy in Living Things. |
| What do Carbohydrates Include? | Starch, Sugars, and/or Cellulose. |
| What are Carbohydrates made of? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. |
| What Ratio are Carbohydrates always in? | A 1:2:1 Ratio. |
| What type of sugars do Carbohydrates Include? | Glucose. |
| What do Carbohydrates Serve as? | Quick Energy for the Cell. |
| What do Simple Sugars form? | Complex Carbohydrates such as Starches. |
| What are Monosaccharides? | Sugars such as Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose. |
| What are Disaccharides? | Sugars made of Two Monosaccharides (Lactose, Maltose, and Sucrose). |
| How are Polysaccharides made? | By Linking many Monosaccharides Together. |
| What is Startch? | Polysaccharides that Stores Excess Sugar in Plants. |
| What is Cellulose? | A Tough, Flexible Polysaccharide that gives Plants their Rigidity and Strength. |
| What are some Things that's Major Component in Cellulose? | Wood and Paper. |
| What is Glycogen? | It's used as Storage for Excess Sugar in Animals. |
| What is a Glycosidic Bond? | A Covalent Bond between Two Sugars. |
| How do you test Simple Carbohydrates? | Benedict's Solution - Copper Based Solution (Blue), turns Brick Red when Heated and in the Presence of Simple Carbohydrates. |
| How do you test Complex Carbohydrates? | Iodine Solution - Amber in Color, but will turn Purple/Black in Color when in the Presence of Starches. |
| What are Lipids? | A Large Group of Molecules that are Generally not Water Soluble. |
| What does Water Soluble mean? | A Substance can Dissolve in Water. |
| What are Lipids Composed of? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen NOT in a 1:2:1 Ratio. |
| What are Lipid Monomers? | Glycerol and Fatty Acids. |
| How many more times does Lipids have than Carbohydrates in Energy? | Two Times more. |
| How many Kilo Calories are in Carbohydrates? | 4kcal/Molecule. |
| How many Kilo Calories are in Lipids? | 9kcal/Molecule. |
| What does an Ester Bonds do? | They Connect the Glycerol to Fatty Acid Chains. |
| What type of Bond is an Ester Bond? | A Covalent Bond. |
| How is an Ester Bond Created? | Through Dehydration Synthesis Connecting Glycerol to Fatty Acids. |
| What do Lipids Include? | Fats, Oils, and Waxes. |
| What do Lipids Allow for Birds? | It Allows them Waterproofing Feathers. |
| Where are Lipids Important? | They're Important in Biological Membranes. |
| Can Lipids be Saturated or Unsaturated? | They can be Both. |
| What do Lipids Serve as? | Insulation, Chemical Messengers (Steroids), Molecular Tags (Lets the Cell know where that Molecule should go into the Cell). |
| What are Saturated Fats Composed of? | Single Bonds between Carbon and Hydrogen. |
| When are Saturated Fats Solid? | At Room Temperature. |
| Where are Saturated Fat typically found? | In Animal Fats. |
| What are some Examples of Animal Fats? | Ground Beef, Egg Yolks, and Butter. |
| What do Saturated Fats look like? | A Straight Line. |
| What do Unsaturated Fats have? | One or more Double Bonds within the Lipid Molecule. |
| Where are Unsaturated Fats typically found? | In Plants. |
| What are some Examples of Plants? | Almonds, Avocado, and Vegetable Oils. |
| What do Unsaturated Fats look like? | A Straight Line that's Diagonal at the End. |
| What do Lipids Serve as for the Cell? | A Chemical Messenger. |
| What is an Example of Lipids as a Chemical Messenger? | Steroids. |
| What are Steroids Manufactured as in the Cell? | Sterol. |
| What do Steroids Serve as? | Signaling Molecules (Molecular Tags). |
| Steroids Serves as the Hormones ________ and ________. | Estradiol;Testosterone. |
| What are Lipids Essential for in the Animal Cell? | The Animal Cell Membrane. |
| Do Animal Cells have a Cell Wall? | No. |
| What do Lipids Allow Animal Cell Membranes to have? | Structure, yet they can still Maintain Fluidity. |
| What are Lipids for Structure found as? | A Cholesterol on the Animal Cell Membrane. |
| What do Phospholipids make up in the Cell? | The Cell Membrane. |
| Phospholipids have a ______ Head(Hydrophilic) and a _______ Tail(Hydrophobic). | Polar;Non-Polar. |
| What do Phospholipids create? | A Phospholipid Bilayer. |
| What is a Phospholipid Bilayer? | Two Layers of Phospholipids Create One Membrane. |
| What are Two Ways to Test Lipids? | The Brown Paper Bag Test and The Red Sudan Test. |
| What is the Brown Paper Bag Test? | You Place a Drop of the Substance onto the Brown Paper Bag and wait Completely for it to Dry. Once it Drys see if it left a Translucent Spot on the Bag Indicating a Positive Test. |
Created by:
Mikayla Jackman
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