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3rd line of defence
Unit 3&4 VCE Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| T helper cells (Th cells) | part of both humoral and cell-mediated immune response, these cells release cytokines to activate Tc and B cells |
| clonal expansion | cell differentiation to produce large numbers of identical B cells or T cells, all specific to the same antigen |
| immune response | reaction of the cells & molecules of the body to an antigen; can be specific or non-specific |
| innate (non-specific) immune response | made up of the 1st & 2nd lines of defence, has no memory and responds to all antigens in the same way |
| 3rd line of defence | adaptive immune response: fights pathogens once they have entered the body in a specific way; consists of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses |
| B cell or B lymphocyte | type of lymphocyte that develops and matures in the bone marrow; associated with the humoral immune response (types: naive B cells, plasma B cells, memory B cells) |
| primary lymphoid organs | bone marrow & thymus |
| T cell or T lymphocyte | type of lymphocyte that develops in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus; associated mainly with cell-mediated immune response (types: naive T cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, memory T cells) |
| antibodies (or immunoglobulins) | involved in humoral immunity, proteins on surface of B cells, which are specific to antigens & produced in large numbers by plasma cells |
| humoral immune response | specific immune response to extracellular pathogens, involves Th cells, plasma B cells, memory B cells and antibody |
| cell-mediated immune response | specific immune response to intracellular pathogens, involves Th cells, Tc cells, memory T cells and perforin |
| clonal selection | occurs in lymph nodes where naive B & T cells specific to an antigen come into contact with that antigen and are selected by it |
| dendritic cell or macrophage or phagocyte | type of phagocytic cell that engulfs & digests pathogens and displays antigen on its MHC II markers, acting as an APC |
| secondary lymphoid organs | spleen, lymph nodes |
| adaptive (specific) immune response | made up of the 3rd line of defence (cell-mediated & humoral immune responses), responds differently to different antigens & has memory |
| cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells) | part of the cell-mediated immune response; these cells kill infected body cells by releasing perforin & protease into cell and intiating apoptosis |
| memory cells (or memory B & T cells) | found only in specific immune response, these cells remember specific antigen & produce a faster large immune response upon next exposure to antigen |
| plasma cell (or plasma B cells) | type of B cell that produces large numbers of a specific antibody |
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BiologyBright
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