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Innate immunity

Unit 3&4 VCE Biology

TermDefinition
eosinophils secrete cytotoxic chemicals to target parasites
cytokines group of signalling molecules which are part of the 2nd line of defence & send messages between immune cells
2nd line of defence involves specialised cells (inflammatory, phagocytic & cytotoxic) and molecules (complement protein, cytokines, interferon & histamine), involved in inflammation
IgE (immunoglobulin E) antibody that primes to mast cells, involved in allergic response
chemotaxis complement protein recruit phagocytes to engulf and destroy bacteria
natural killer cells part of the 2nd line of defence, these cells kill viral infected cells by releasing perforin and initiating apoptosis
1st line of defence prevents pathogens from entering the body; consists of physical, chemical and microbiota barriers. Found in both plants and animals
lysis complement protein releases a membrane attack complex, causing bacteria to lyse
immunity resistance to infectious disease
dentritic cell and/or macrophage engulfs pathogen by phagocytosis, presents antigen in MHC II --> a type of antigen presenting cell
phagocytosis engulf & digest substances, carried out by neutrophils, macrophages & dendritic cells as part of the 2nd line of defence (bulk movement of solids into a cell)
chemical barrier reduces pathogen's ability to grow, examples include lysozyme in animals and oils & resins in plants
interferon type of cytokine which is released as part of the 2nd line of defence by virally infected cells to help neighbouring cells resist infection
neutrophils engulfs pathogen by phagocytosis, releases defensins to kill bacteria and fungi
inflammation innate immune response, part of 2nd line of defence, histamine causes increased blood flow which leads to redness & swelling, heat & pain
physical barrier prevent pathogens from entering an organism, examples include intact skin in animals and thick bark in plants
complement protein group of proteins released as part of the 2nd line of defence to opsonise (coat) or lyse extracellular bacteria or recruit phagocytes (chemotaxis)
mast cell releases histamine, involved in inflammation and the allergic response
microbiotic barrier competes with pathogen for resources & space, examples include normal flora in stomach of animals and 'good' bacteria around roots of plants
allergic response occurs when the immune system reacts to a substance (allergen) that is usually harmless - a hypersensitivity
histamine produced by mast cells to elicit symptoms of inflammation and the allergic response
opsonisation complement protein coats bacteria, immobilising it and flagging it for phagocytes
Created by: BiologyBright
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