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Ecology Vocab
Flashcards for Test SCI-B
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ecology | The scientific study of how living things interact with each other and their environment |
| Biome | A major global region characterized by its climate and the specific types of plants and animals that live there |
| Ecosystem | All the living organisms in a specific area, along with their non-living environment, interacting as a system |
| Community | All the different populations of different species that live and interact together in a specific area |
| Population | A group of individuals of the same species living in the same specific area at the same time |
| Species | A group of closely related organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspring |
| Organism | Any individual living thing |
| Habitat | The specific natural home or environment where an organism lives and finds what it needs to survive |
| Biotic Factors | The living parts of an ecosystem (e |
| g | |
| , plants, animals, bacteria) | |
| Abiotic Factors | The non-living parts of an ecosystem (e |
| g | |
| , sunlight, water, temperature, rocks) | |
| Population Density | The number of individuals of a population living in a specific amount of space |
| Birth Rate | The number of births in a population over a certain amount of time |
| Death Rate | The number of deaths in a population over a certain amount of time |
| Immigration | Organisms moving into a population |
| Emigration | Organisms moving out of a population |
| Limiting Factor | Any environmental resource or condition (like food, water, or space) that stops a population from growing larger |
| Carrying Capacity | The maximum population size that an environment can support over a long period of time |
| Climate | The average, long-term weather conditions in a specific area (mainly temperature and precipitation) |
| Tundra | A very cold, dry, treeless biome with permanently frozen soil (permafrost) |
| Taiga | A cool forest biome dominated by evergreen, cone-bearing trees |
| Temperate Deciduous Forest | A forest biome with four distinct seasons and trees that lose their leaves in the fall |
| Grassland | A biome where grasses are the main plant life, with few trees and moderate rainfall |
| Desert | A very dry biome that receives very little rainfall and has extreme temperature changes |
| Tropical Rainforest | A warm, highly humid biome located near the equator that receives heavy rainfall and has the most diverse plant life |
| Competition | When two or more individuals or populations try to use the same limited resource (like food or shelter) |
| Cooperation | When individuals work together for mutual benefit (like wolves hunting in a pack) |
| Predation | An interaction where one organism hunts and kills another for food |
| Predator | The organism that hunts and eats other organisms |
| Prey | The organism that is hunted and eaten |
| Symbiosis | A close, long-term relationship between two different species |
| Mutualism | A symbiotic relationship where both species benefit |
| Commensalism | A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits, and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
| Parasitism | A symbiotic relationship where one species (parasite) benefits while the other (host) is harmed |
| Mutation | A random change in an organism's DNA, which can create a new trait |
| Variation | The natural differences in traits that exist among individuals of the same species |
| Natural Selection | The process where individuals that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce |
| Adaptation | A physical trait or behavior that has developed over time to help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment |
| Keystone Species | A species that has an unusually large and critical impact on its ecosystem; if removed, the ecosystem would drastically change or collapse |
| Trophic Cascade | A powerful chain reaction that happens in an ecosystem when a key predator is added or removed, causing massive changes down the food chain |
Created by:
mjacobstein
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