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Grade 7: Q4, Seq 1
Roles & Interactions in Ecosystems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| scientific model | a representation or description designed to make a particular part/feature of the world easier to understand |
| ecosystem | the living organisms in an area and the non-living (abiotic) aspects of the environment |
| food web | overlapping food chains with different pathways to show the flow of energy in an ecosystem |
| food chain | a single, linear path showing the flow of energy from the Sun to a producer and through different levels of consumers |
| producer | an organism that transforms energy from the Sun and uses carbon dioxide and water to make food |
| consumer | an organism that must consume other organisms for nutrients |
| decomposer | organisms such as bacteria and fungi that break down the remains of dead plants and animals without the need for internal digestion |
| predation | the interaction between two animals in which one animal eats the other |
| predator | an animal that eats another animal |
| prey | an animal that is eaten by another animal |
| competition | when more than one individual or population in an ecosystem relies on the same limited resources |
| symbiosis | a long-term relationship between two different kinds of organisms where one or both receive benefit |
| mutualism | a relationship between organisms or species that is helpful to both |
| commensalism | an interaction between organisms or species that is helpful to one but neither helpful nor harmful to the other |
| parasitism | a relationship between organisms of different species where one organism benefits at the expense of the other |
| biotic | living aspects of an environment |
| abiotic | non-living aspects of an environment |
| herbivore | an organism that consumes only plants |
| carnivore | an animal that eats other animals |
| omnivore | an organism that eats both plants and animals |
| organism | living thing |
| population | a group of organisms belonging to the same species that live in the same area and interact with one another |
| community | all the populations of different species that live in the same area and interact with one another |
| biome | a group of similar ecosystems based on temperature and rainfall |
| biosphere | living or once-living things on Earth |
| geosphere | Earth's rock, minerals, ground |
| atmosphere | air/gas above the surface of Earth) |
| hydrosphere | liquid water on Earth |
| cryosphere | frozen water on Earth |
| interdependence | depending on one another |
| primary consumer | an organism that gets its energy by feeding on producers in the food chain |
| secondary consumer | an animal that eats primary consumers |
| tertiary consumer | an organism that gets its energy by eating secondary consumers |
| independent variable | the one thing a scientist manipulates or tests on purpose during an experiment |
| dependent variable | the results that are measured/observed during an experiment |
| constants | factors during an experiment that are controlled so that they don't affect the dependent variable |
| species | a group of the same kind of organisms |
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