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Y10 bio
stuff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chromosome | Threadlike structure in the nucleus made of DNA and proteins containing genetic information |
| Centromere | The point at which two chromatids join, it is usually found towards the middle of a pair of chromatids |
| What are the 4 nitrogen rich bases | Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine |
| What pairs with Guanine | Cytosine |
| what pairs with Adenine | Thymine |
| What pairs with Cytosine | Guanine |
| What pairs with Thymine | Adenine |
| Do all cells contain DNA | no, red blood cells have no nucleus therefore they have no DNA |
| Who discovered the structure of DNA | Crick and Watson |
| Haploid number | N |
| diploid number | 2N |
| Autosomes | all non sex determining chromosomes |
| Diploid number for Human | 46 |
| Haploid number for Human | 23 |
| Autosome number for human | 44 |
| number of sex determining chromosomes for all organisms with a sex | 2 |
| Genotype | the genes combination that determines a characteristic |
| Phenotype | The physical characteristic determined by the genes |
| What are alleles | Variations on the same gene |
| The name for the prosses by which new DNA is made | DNA replication |
| homozygous definition | 2 of the same alleles |
| heterozygous definition | 2 different alleles |
| Male chromosome combination | XY |
| Female chromosome combination | XX |
| what are the 2 types of Intermediate Inheritance | Co-Dominant, Incomplete |
| What is a Co-Dominant inheritance type | Both alleles shown as in stripes or splotches in a heterozygous specimen's phenotype |
| What is an Incomplete inheritance type | Mix of both alleles shown in a mix in a heterozygous specimen's phenotype |
| what type of inheritance would it be if the genotype was Tt | Dominant/Recessive |
| What type of inheritance would it be if the genotype was TS | Intermediate Inheritance |
| What group of islands did Charles Darwin go to too form his theory of evolution | Galapagos Islands |
| What animal was Charles Darwin particularly interested in when coming up with his theory of evolution | finches |
| What part of the animal was Charles Darwin interested in | beak |
| what is speciation | the prosses of one species becoming 2 or more species |
| what are the three steps for speciation | variation, isolation, selection |
| what is a selective agent | the environmental factors that act on a population |
| what do all vertebrae embryos have in common | tail and branchial arch |
| what is embryology | the study of embryos |
| what is a transitional form | These species occupy a position on the evolutionary family tree that bridges two distinct taxonomic classifications |
| what are 2 examples of transitional forms | Lobe-fin fish, archeopteryx |
| what are 6 pieces of evidence that support evolution | Embryology, fossil record, DNA, protein structure, comparative anatomy, species distribution |
| where are you more likely to find more unique species | isolated islands |
| what is meant by species distribution | a map of where species occur |
| how are organisms classified | on the basis of their structure |
| what is an analogous structure | a similar structure on distantly related organisms |
| selective agents: biotic factors | living selective agents |
| selective agents: physical factors | non-living selective agents |
| 4 reasons different species are prevented from interbreeding | chemical factors, courtship, seasons, sterility |
| what is meant by mutation | an alteration in the genetic material (the genome) of a cell of a living organism or of a virus that is more or less permanent and that can be transmitted to the cell’s or the virus’s descendants |
| what is meant by variation | slight differences between different members of a species |
| how are organisms classified | on the basis of structure |
| what is meant by gene flow | for animals from one population of a species to be able to mate with another population of a species, spreading the genes that the first population had throughout the species |
| what test is mostly used to check if 2 organisms are from the same species | amino acid test as it is fastest |
| define natural selection | process that results in the adaptation of an organism to its environment by means of selectively reproducing changes in its genotype, or genetic constitution. |
| Define evolution | theory in biology postulating that the various types of plants, animals, and other living things on Earth have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations. |
| what does evolution imply | all animals came from 1 common ancestor |
| name the prosses by which new DNA is made | DNA Replication |
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