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bio

Cells Cell Theory — All living
Cell Theory All living things are made of cells; cells come from other cells; cells are the basic unit of life.
Prokaryote Simple cell with no nucleus (bacteria).
Eukaryote Complex cell with a nucleus (plants/animals).
Nucleus Controls the cell.
Mitochondria Makes energy.
Ribosom Makes proteins.
Cell Membrane Controls what enters/leaves.
Chloroplas Does photosynthesis (plants).
Cell Wall Gives structure (plants).
Photosynthesis & Respiration Photosynthesis Plants make food using sunlight.
Photosynthesis Equation CO₂ + H₂O + sunlight → glucose + O₂
Cellular Respiration Cells break food for energy.
Respiration Equation glucose + O₂ → energy + CO₂ + H₂O
Genetics Genetic code.
Gene A piece of DNA that controls a trait.
Allele A version of a gene (B or b)
Dominant Shows with one copy (B).
Recessive Shows only with two copies (bb).
Punnett Square Predicts traits in offspring.
Evolution Species change over time.
Natural Selection Best‑fit organisms survive and reproduce.
Adaptation Helpful trait.
Fossils Evidence of past life.
Homologous Structures Same structure, different use → common ancestor.
Ecology Producer Makes its own food (plants).
Consumer Eats other organisms.
Decomposer Breaks down dead stuff (fungi/bacteria).
Food Chain Shows who eats who.
Energy Pyramid Energy decreases as you go up.
Ecosystem Living + nonliving things together.
Human Body Systems Circulatory Moves blood (heart
Respiratory Gas exchange (lungs).
Digestive Breaks down food (stomach/intestines).
Nervou Controls body (brain/nerves).
Endocrine Hormones.
mmune Fights sickness.
Scientific Method Observation What you notice.
Hypothesis Testable guess.
Independent Variable What you change.
Dependent Variable What you measure.
Data Results.
Conclusion — What you learned.
Created by: dekume0912
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