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Chpt 18 Flashcards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aerobes | bacteria that require oxygen to grow. |
| anaerobes | bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen and are destroyed by oxygen. |
| bacilli | rod-shaped bacteria that cause tuberculosis and other diseases. |
| chancre | a painless ulcerating sore. |
| cocci | spherical bacterial cells that reproduce by dividing into two |
| (COVID-19) SARS-CoV-2 | A Coronavirus that is spread person-to-person; caused a pandemic in December 2019. COVID-19 can be mild to severe, causing long-lasting health problems and has caused millions of deaths around the world. |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob | rare chronic brain disease with onset in middle to late life (40 to 60 years). |
| Ebola | rare but deadly virus that causes bleeding inside and outside the body. |
| endospores | resistant, dormant structures formed inside of some bacteria that can withstand adverse conditions. |
| facultative anaerobes | organisms that can grow with or without oxygen. |
| fungi | organisms, such as mushrooms, yeasts, and molds found on the land |
| Gram negative | classification of bacteria that does not hold a dye stain under a microscope. |
| Gram positive | classification of bacteria that holds a dye stain and appears dark purple under a microscope. |
| Gram’s stain | four-step staining process developed by Hans Christian Gram, used to separate bacteria into groups. |
| Gram variable | classification of bacteria that are not consistently stained. |
| H1N1 | form of swine influenza virus. |
| herpesvirus | virus that causes infections in humans, such as herpes, cytomegalovirus, chickenpox, shingles, mononucleosis, measles, and Kaposi’s sarcoma. |
| human papillomavirus (HPV) | the most common STD in the United States can cause health problems that includes genital warts and cancer. |
| latent | dormant. |
| microbiology | study of microorganisms. |
| microcephaly | abnormal smallness of the head, a congenital condition associated with incomplete brain development. |
| methicillin-resistant | Staphylococcus aureus. type of infection that is resistant to some antibiotics. |
| nonpathogenic | pertaining to microorganisms that do not produce disease. |
| oral candidiasis | Candida yeast infection of the oral mucosa. |
| pandemic ( | condition that occurs throughout the people of a country or the world. |
| pathogens | disease-producing microorganisms. |
| percutaneous | through the skin, such as a needle stick, a cut, or a human bite. |
| Petri plate | small, flat dish made of thin glass or plastic that contains a sterile solid medium for the culture of microorganisms; also called Petri dish. |
| prions | infectious particles of proteins that lack nucleic acids. |
| protozoa | single-celled microscopic animals without a rigid cell wall. |
| provirus | virus that is hidden during the latency period. |
| spirochetes | spiral-shaped bacteria. |
| staphylococci | cocci that form irregular groups or clusters. |
| streptococci | cocci that form chains as they divide. |
| tyndallization | intermittent, or fractional, sterilization. |
| virulent | capable of causing serious disease. |
| viruses | ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates inside living cells. |
| Zika | a virus that is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. |
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