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Chpt 19 Flashcards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acquired immunity | immunity that is developed during a person’s lifetime |
| acute infection | infection of short duration that is often severe |
| anaphylaxis | extreme hypersensitivity to a substance that can lead to shock and life-threatening respiratory collapse |
| artificially acquired immunity | immunity that results from a vaccination |
| blood-borne disease | disease that is caused by microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood |
| blood-borne pathogens | disease-causing organisms transferred through contact with blood or other body fluids |
| chain of infection | conditions that all must be present for infection to occur |
| communicable disease | a condition caused by an infection that can be spread from person to person or through contact with body fluids |
| direct contact | touching or contact with a patient’s blood or saliva |
| droplet infection | infection that occurs through mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, or mouth |
| immunity | ability of the body to resist disease |
| indirect contact | ouching or contact with a contaminated surface or instrument |
| infection control | policies and practices designed to prevent the spread of infectious agents |
| infection prevention | ultimate goal of all infection control procedures and policies |
| infectious disease | disease that is communicable |
| inherited immunity | immunity that is present at birth |
| latent (LAY-tent) infection | persistent infection with recurrent symptoms that “come and go” |
| naturally acquired immunity | immunity that occurs when a person has contracted and is recovering from a disease |
| occupational exposure | any reasonably anticipated skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact or percutaneous injury involving blood or any other potentially infectious materials |
| OSHA Blood-Borne Pathogens (BBP) Standard | guidelines designed to protect employees against occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens |
| pathogen | disease-causing organism |
| permucosal | contact with mucous membranes, such as the eyes or mouth |
| personal protective equipment | items such as protective clothing, masks, gloves, and eyewear used to protect employees |
| standard precautions | standard of care designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid via excretion or secretion; expands on the concept of Universal Precautions |
| universal precautions | guidelines based on treating all human blood and body fluids (including saliva) as potentially infectious |
| virulence | strength of a pathogen’s ability to cause disease; also known as pathogenicity |
| chronic infection | an infection of long duration |
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