Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 9
Dental Anatomy Chapter 9 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Frontal | Forms the forehead, most of the orbital roof, and the anterior cranial floor |
| Occipital | Forms the back and base of the cranium |
| Sphenoid | Forms part of the anterior base of the skull and part of the walls of the orbit |
| Ethmoid | Forms part of the orbit and the floor of the cranium |
| Parietal | Form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium |
| Temporal | Form the sides and base of the cranium |
| Lacrimal bone | Form part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye |
| Nasal bone | Form the bridge of the nose |
| Vomer | Forms the base for the nasal septum |
| Nasal concha | Form part of the interior of the nose |
| Zygomatic bone | Form the prominence of the cheeks and part of the orbit |
| Maxilla | Form the upper jaw |
| Mandible | Forms the lower jaw |
| Palatine bones | Form the posterior part of the hard palate and the floor of the nose |
| Hyoid Bone | unique because it does not articulate with any other bone Suspended between the mandible and the larynx |
| Postnatal Development | At birth, the cranial vault is large, and the cranial base and face are small |
| Temporomandibular Joints (TMJs) | Joint on each side of the head that allows for movement of the mandible for speech and mastication (chewing) |
| Capsular Ligament | A fibrous joint capsule completely encloses the TMJ |
| Articular Space | The area between the capsular ligament and the surfaces of the glenoid fossa and condyle |
| Hinge action | • The first phase of mouth opening • Only the lower compartment of the joint is used |
| Gliding movement | • Allows the lower jaw to move forward or backward • It involves both the lower and upper compartments of the joint • The condyle and articular disc “glide” forward and downward along the articular eminence (projection) |
| TMD is complex, involving such factors as: | • Stress • Clenching – holding teeth tightly together • Bruxism – grinding of the teeth • TMD can also be caused by trauma to the jaw, systemic diseases such as osteoarthritis, or wear due to aging |
| Acute masticatory muscle complaints | Muscle inflammation, muscle spasms, and protective muscle splinting |
| Articular disc derangement | The disc may be displaced or damaged |
| Extrinsic trauma | Dislocation of the joint, or fracture of the bones |
| Joint diseases | Degenerative and inflammatory forms of arthritis |
| Chronic mandibular hypomobility | Limited ability to move |
| Symptoms of TMD | • Pain • Joint sounds • Crepitus- cracking sound • Limitations of movement • Trismus- a spasm of the muscles of mastication |
| The two muscles of the neck are both superficial and easily palpated | • Sternocleidomastoid • Trapezius |
| Orbicularis oris | Closes and puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | Compresses the cheeks against the teeth and retracts the angle of the mouth |
| Mentalis | Raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin and pushes the lower lip up |
| Zygomatic major | Draws the angles of the mouth upward and backward, as in laughing |
| Temporalis | Raises mandible and closes jaws |
| Masseter | Raises mandible and closes jaws |
| Internal (medial) pterygoid | Closes jaw: acting with lateral pterygoid on same side, pulls mandible to one side; medial and lateral pterygoids on both sides act together to bring lower jaw forward |
| External (lateral) pterygoid | Depresses mandible to open jaw |
| Digastric | forms with the mandible a submandibular triangle on each side of the neck. |
| Mylohyoid | Forms floor of mouth; elevates (raises) tongue and depresses (lowers) jaw |
| Stylohyoid | Assists in swallowing by raising the hyoid bone |
| Geniohyoid | Draws tongue and hyoid bone forward |
| Intrinsic (within the tongue) | Responsible for shaping the tongue during speech, chewing, and swallowing |
| Extrinsic | Assist in the movement and function of the tongue |
| Genioglossus | Depresses and protrudes tongue |
| Hyoglossus | Retracts and pulls downside of tongue |
| Styloglossus | Retracts tongue |
| Palatoglossus | Elevates base of tongue, arching tongue against soft palate; depresses soft palate toward tongue |
| Palatopharyngeal | Forms posterior pillar of fauces; serves to narrow fauces and helps shut off nasopharynx |
| Serous Saliva | Watery, mainly protein fluid |
| Mucous Saliva | Very thick, mainly carbohydrate |
| Parotid salivary gland (Largest) | Saliva passes from the parotid gland into the mouth through a duct called the parotid duct (also known as Stensen’s duct) |
| Submandibular salivary gland (2nd largest) | Releases saliva into the oral cavity through Wharton’s duct, which ends in the sublingual caruncles Produces 60-65% of the total volume of saliva |
| Sublingual salivary gland (Smallest of the 3) | Releases saliva into the oral cavity through the sublingual duct; smallest gland (also known as Bartholin’s duct) |
| Sialoliths | A stone, or sialolith, may block the salivary glands in the duct opening, preventing saliva from flowing into the mouth. Salivary stones may be removed surgically. |
| Internal carotid artery | supplies blood to the brain and the eyes |
| External carotid artery | supplies blood to the face and mouth |
| Nasopalatine nerve | supplies the mucoperiosteum palatal to the maxillary anterior teeth |
| Greater palatine nerve | supplies the mucoperiosteum, intermingling with the nasopalatine nerve. |
| Anterior superior alveolar nerve (ASA) | supplies the maxillary central, lateral, and cuspid teeth, along with their periodontal membranes and gingivae. This nerve also supplies the maxillary sinus. |
| Middle superior alveolar nerve (MSA) | supplies the maxillary first and second premolars, the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar, and the maxillary sinus. |
| Posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSA) | supplies the other roots of the maxillary first molar and the maxillary second and third molars. It also branches forward to serve the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus. |
| Buccal nerve | supplies branches to the buccal mucous membrane and to the mucoperiosteum of the mandibular molars. |
| Lingual nerve | supplies the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and branches to supply the lingual mucous membrane and mucoperiosteum |
| Inferior alveolar nerve | supplies the lower teeth, gums, chin, and lower lip on one side of the face |
| The major sites of lymph nodes include: | • Cervical (in the neck) • Axillary (under the arms) • Inguinal (in the lower abdomen) |
| Deep cervical lymph nodes | located along the length of the internal jugular vein on each side of the neck, deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| The sinuses are named for the bones in which they are located | Maxillary – largest of the paranasal sinuses • Frontal – located within the forehead • Ethmoid – irregularly shaped • Sphenoid – located close to the optic nerves |
Created by:
user-2019640
Popular Dentistry sets