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3.03 Child Dev.Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Autosomal dominant genetic disorder | A genetic disorder caused when only one copy of a changed gene from a parent causes the condition. |
| Autosomal recessive genetic disorder | A genetic disorder that occurs when a child inherits two copies of a changed gene, one from each parent. |
| Cerebral palsy | A condition that affects muscle movement and coordination, often caused by lack of oxygen to the brain before, during, or shortly after birth. |
| Chromosome | A structure inside cells that carries genetic information (genes). |
| Chromosomal genetic disorders | Disorders caused by missing, extra, or damaged chromosomes. |
| Cleft lip / Cleft palate | A birth condition where there is a split or opening in the lip or roof of the mouth. |
| Color blindness | A condition where a person has difficulty seeing or distinguishing certain colors. |
| Congenital heart defects | Heart problems that are present at birth and affect how the heart works. |
| Cystic fibrosis | A genetic disease that causes thick mucus in the lungs and digestive system, making breathing and digestion difficult. |
| Dominant gene | A gene that shows its trait even if only one copy is present. |
| Down syndrome / Trisomy 21 | A genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, often leading to developmental delays. |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | A genetic disorder that causes muscles to weaken over time, usually affecting boys. |
| Environmental influences | Things in a person’s surroundings that affect development, such as health, family, toxins, or experiences. |
| Fetal alcohol syndrome | A condition caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy, leading to physical and learning problems. |
| Fraternal twins | Twins that develop from two different eggs fertilized by two sperm, like regular siblings born at the same time. |
| Gene | A small part of DNA that carries instructions for traits and body functions. |
| Genetic | Related to genes and heredity. |
| Hereditary influences | Traits passed from parents to children through genes. |
| Identical twins | Twins that develop when one fertilized egg splits, so they share the same genes. |
| Infectious disease | An illness caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that can spread. |
| Inherited | Something passed genetically from parents to children. |
| Multiple births | When a mother gives birth to more than one baby at the same time. |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | A genetic disorder where the body cannot break down a certain protein, which can harm the brain. |
| Psychoactive substances | Drugs or substances that change how the brain works, affecting mood or behavior. |
| Recessive gene | A gene whose trait only appears if two copies are present. |
| Sex-linked recessive genetic disorders | Genetic disorders caused by genes on the X chromosome, often affecting males more. |
| Sexually transmitted disease (STD) | An infection spread through sexual contact. |
| Sickle cell anemia | A genetic disorder where red blood cells are shaped like sickles and cannot carry oxygen well. |
| Spina bifida | A birth defect where the spine does not fully form, sometimes causing movement problems. |
| Toxoplasmosis | An infection caused by a parasite found in cat litter or raw meat that can harm a fetus during pregnancy. |
| Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) | A rare condition in identical twin pregnancies where one twin receives more blood than the other through the shared placenta. |
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