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Biology 122 Exam 2

Rise of the Eukaryotes

Origin of the Eukaryotes Evolved ~1.8 billion years ago.
Endosymbiosis theory - Proposed by Lynn Margulis. - Mitochondria & chloroplasts were free-living bacteria engulfed by larger cell.
Evidence of endosymbiosis theory - Own DNA - Double membrane - Ribosomes similar to bacteria - Divide by binary fission
Double membrane purpose: Protection and evidence of engulfing
Internal Membrane System Inward folding formed: - Nucleus - Golgi - Endoplasmic Reticulum
Multicellularity Advantages: - Specialization - Larger size - Longer lifespan - New genes arise from mutation, duplication, and HGT.
Gametes More important because sexual reproduction increases variation.
Volvox Evolution - Evolved from Chlamydomonas. - Shows transition from single cell to multicellular colony.
CCD Domain Cell cycle control domain; regulates replication and cell differentiation.
Created by: user-2003051
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